Chapter 1 Lesson 5 Biology Notes PDF

Preview

Summary

Dr. Kurt Pontasch...

Description

Chemistry and BioChemistry ❏ Introduction - Everything on earth is composed of matter. - Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space. Basically everything. (includes humans, animals, and air.) Matter MUST have density. - Density is weight per unit space (weight over unit space) Grams over cm^3 = milliliter. The specific gravity of water is exactly 1. - All matter is composed of one or more types of substances called elements. - An element is a substance that cannot be broken down by smaller units by normal chemical means. Element

Protons or Atomic Number

% of human body

Hydrogen (H)

1

9.5%

Carbon (C)

6

18.5%

Nitrogen (N)

7

3.3%

Oxygen (O)

8

65%

Sodium (Na)

11

0.2%

Magnesium (Mg)

12

A little bit

Phosphorus (P)

15

1%

Sulfur (S)

16

0.3%

Chlorine (Cl)

17

0.2%

Potassium (K)

19

0.4%

Calcium (Ca)

20

1.5%

Iron (Fe)

26

A little bit

Iodine (I)

53

A little BIt

*****MUST REMEMBER WHICH ELEMENTS ARE IN THE HUMAN BODY*****

C HOPKINS CAFE Mg NaCl Carbon Hydrogen Phosphorus Potassium Iodine Nitrogen Sulfur,

❏ Elements are made up of atoms. - Atoms is the smallest particle of an element that still contains the chemical properties of that element. - Major elements are: - Protons, Neutrons, Electrons. (Protons and Neutrons are in the nucleus while Electrons are around the Nucleus.) - Protons have a + charge, Neutrons have neutral charges, electrons have - charges. (negative). - In a neutral atoms the number of protons equals the number of neutrons. ❏ Electrostatic - Unlike charges attract, and like charges repel. ❏ Atom number is the number of protons and each element has its own specific number of protons. - Neutral atom the number of protons equals the number of neutrons. ❏ Atomic weight - Measured in atomic mass units. (AMU) - A proton is 1 AMU, a neutron is 1 AMU, and the weight of electrons is insignificant. - Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 (protons) and 8 neutrons so the atomic mass unit of Oxygen is 16. (8 protons+8 neutrons = 16 AMU) - Hydrogen has 1 proton and 0 neutrons which means hydrogen only weighs 1 AMU. - *** Isotopes = atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. - 2H1 = 2 AMU (Deuterium) - 3H1 = 3 AMU (Tritium) - 4H1= 4 AMU...