Chapter 1 pg 2-19 Nutrition Concepts and Controversies Textbook Notes PDF

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Nutrition – The study of how food nourishes the body
Can I live on Just Supplements?
The Abundance of Foods to Choose From
How Exactly Can I Recognize a Nutritious Diet?
Should I trust the media to deliver nutrition news?...

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Sept 9, 2019

Chapter 1 pg 2-19 Nutrition Concepts and Controversies Textbook Notes Nutrition – The study of how food nourishes the body Why care about nutrition? - Nutrients interact with our body tissues and help maintain, grow, and develop them. - Nutrients include Carbs, fats, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals - Chronic diseases are not just based on diet, but are multi-factorial o Some diseases are more nutrition related, while others are less nutrition related  Ex: Sickle cell anemia is less nutrition-related but irondeficiency anemia is more diet related - Nutritional genomics the science of how nutrients affect genes and how genes affect the activities of nutrients - Epigenetics The study of how environmental information affects genetic expression - Water = Hydrogen and oxygen - Carbs = Hydrogen, Carbon, and oxygen - Fats = Hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen - Proteins = Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, and nitrogen - Vitamins = Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen and Nitrogen (only in B vitamins) - Minerals = N/A Can I live on Just Supplements? - Elemental diets  Used for people who cannot consume ordinary everyday food o Can be in a liquid or pill form - Minerals such as calcium and phosphate are used in the composition of bone - Lack of digestive tract mechanisms can decrease the effectiveness of the immune system - Nonnutrients are components other than the six nutrients of foods that are present in foods and have a biological activity in the body - Phytochemicals are nonnutrient compounds found in plants that confer colour, taste, and other characteristics (such as reducing disease) The Abundance of Foods to Choose From - Basic foods such as fruit, vegetables, meats, milk, and grains are found to be good for us. Also known as Whole foods - Functional foods – attempt to identify foods that bring benefits to the individual against illness/disease - However, scientists found that every nutritious food can be functional (even chocolate) in the human body - Nutraceutical  a product that is isolated from food (such as a pill) and believed to have medicinal effects

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Partitioned foods – Foods that are isolated from their basic form such as butter, (milk) sugar, (beet or cane sugar) or corn oil (corn) How Exactly Can I Recognize a Nutritious Diet? - Adequacy – are you getting enough nutrients in your food? o Legumes are inexpensive sources that contain little fat to the diet but provide protein, vitamins, minerals, and fibre to the diet - Balance – Make sure you are getting the proper nutrients in proportion to the types of food you are getting o Ex: A diet low in calcium causes poor bone development and most foods rich in iron are poor in calcium - Calorie control – Energy intake should not exceed energy expenditure - Moderation – Make sure to limit foods that are high in sugar, fats, and salt - Variety – make sure to include a different array of foods and to mix your food choices up o Trying new foods can be a source of pleasure o A monotonous diet may have an increased amount of toxins/contaminants such as eating salmon every day (mercury poisoning) Should I trust the media to deliver nutrition news? - Reporters often write headlines that are exciting and easy to catch the eye - Ex: media said that oat bran helps lower blood cholesterol, although the report was true, they did not list the other factors that can lower blood cholesterol as well. Reporters did not mention how much oats are required to lower blood cholesterol and if eating certain items (such as oatmeal cookies) count towards lowering blood cholesterol - Nutrient density – a measure of nutrients per calorie of food Self-Check Questions 1.) Energy-yielding nutrients include all of the following except; a. Vitamins b. Carbohydrates c. Fat d. Protein 2.) Organic nutrients include all of the following except a. Minerals b. Fat c. Carbohydrates d. Protein 3.) One of the characteristics of a nutritious diet is that the diet provides no constituent in excess. This principle of diet planning is called a. Adequacy b. Balance c. Moderation d. Variety

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Sept 9, 2019

4.) A slice of peach pie contains 357 calories with 48 units of vitamin A; one large peach provides 42 calories and 53 units of vitamin A. This is an example of a. Calorie control b. Nutrient density c. Variety d. Essential nutrients 5.) Which of the following adjustments in one’s diet would agree with Canada’s food guide? a. Eating baked potatoes rather than French fries b. Eating fruits rather than cakes and pies c. Drinking low-fat milk rather than whole-fat milk d. All of the above 6.) Studies of populations in which observation is accompanied by experimental manipulation of some population members are referred to as a. Case studies b. Intervention studies c. Laboratory studies d. Epidemiological studies 7.) Both heart disease and cancer are due to genetic causes, and diet cannot influence whether they occur. a. False 8.) Both carbs and protein have 4cal/g a. True 9.) If a food is labelled “natural” you can be confident that it is more nutritious than a product not carrying that label a. False 10.) The recent goal of the ministers responsible for physical activity, recreation, and sport was to reduce physical inactivity among Canadians by 10 percent by the year 2010. a. True...