Chapter 1 - Summary Jeppesen Instrument Commercial PDF

Preview

Summary

Chapter 1 summary ...

Description

AVT-243 Chapter 1 Instrument Currency  In order to file an IFR flight plan or fly in IMC you must stay current  Jan 1st – you obtain your rating  Good for 6 months  T stay current you must perform 6 approaches that include at least one hold and tracking or from a navigational station or have been given vectors from ATC  If you did don’t accomplish the required task you have a grace period  Consist of another six months  Must perform the same tasks  Must have a safety pilot  If you go full 12 months, must complete Instrument Proficiency Check Advanced Human Factors  Pilot Error  Leading cause to almost every aviation accident recorded  Most pilot was associated by a pilot or crew that lost Situational Awareness  Loss of SA or poor knowledge of IMC procedures is the leading cause to CFIT and aircraft that crashes during IMC  PIC Responsibility  YOU are the ultimate decision maker and your choices determine the outcome of the flight  Understanding your own personal limitations is not enough in instrument flight  You must also know  Weather  Aircraft performance  Environmental hazards  Crew expectations  ATC operations in advance  Pave checklist  Understand your own personal limitations  Your general health  Level of stress or fatigue  Attitude  Knowledge  Skill level  Recency of experience  IMSAFE checklist  Illness  Medications  Stress  Alcohol  Fatigue  Emotions

AVT-243 Chapter 1 Resource Use & ADM  Internal Resources  POH  Checklists  Aircraft equipment  Aeronautical charts  Instructor  Another pilot  Passengers  Your own ingenuity, knowledge, and skills  External Resources  ATC  Maintenance tech  CRM – Crew Resource Management  Resources use inside the aircraft is vital during any flight during IMC operations  A knowledgeable crew has been the leading success to thousands of flights every day.  You must understand each person’s limitations and strengths  Generally, you have a flying pilot and a non-flying pilot Situational Awareness  Situational Awareness – the accurate perception of the operational and environmental factors which affect the aircraft, pilot, and passengers during a specific period of time  Elements to be considered inside the aircraft: status of aircraft systems, pilot, and passengers.  External considerations: spatial orientation of the airplane, its relation to terrain, traffic, weather, and air traffic control Decision-Making Process  ADM  The process that is used by the pilot to assist a problem and take the appropriate action  Risk Management  The pilots use of resources to analyze risk.  Task management  The pilot’s ability to be organized and know when certain task need completed  Situational Awareness  The pilot’s ability to understand all aspects of the flight. Where you are – where you came from – where you are going  What is going on around me. The aircraft, ATC  Weather  CFIT – Controlled Flight Into Terrain  Automation Management  Understanding how to use all of the avionics in the aircraft can be just as important as SA itself. Too much dependency on these systems can mean a huge issue later in the flight  Decision-Making Process  When making a decision you have to ensure that the action that you choose is the correct one.

AVT-243 Chapter 1  Use the D  DECIDE Model to assist in this task  Detect – that something has occurred  Estimate – the need to react to the change  Choose - the most desirable outcome  Identify – the actions that control you change  Do – the all the is necessary to adapt to change  Evaluate – monitor the situation and ensure that the action taken was correct Communication in the Aircraft  Communicating in the aircraft will not always be as easy as it should. It is the responsibility of the PIC to ensure that all is being done to keeps communication clear and accurate with ATC or crew members.  Three Factors can affect your ability to communicate  Environment – Passengers – Engine – Weather – Static – Busy  Translation – Same word meaning two different things  Failed Response – Repeating what was said, doing what was expected Five Hazardous Attitudes  Anti-Authority  Regard rules and procedures as unnecessary  Impulsivity  Do the first thing which comes to mind  Invulnerability  Believe that accidents happen to others Aviation Physiology  An essential component of human factors training is aviation physiology, which is the study of the performance and limitations of the body in the flight environment  Most healthy people do not experience any physical difficulties as a result of flying  However, there are factors you should be aware of as you begin flight training. Disorientation  Awareness of your body’s position in relation to your environment is a result of inputs from three primary sources  Vision – Vestibular System – Kinesthetic Sense  Vision – What you see…  Vestibular – what you hear and sense in motion  Kinesthetic – what you feel with your body Spatial Disorientation  The feeling of balance instability causes by a conflict between the information related by your central vision, and your peripheral vision  Don’t trust you body signals

AVT-243 Chapter 1  Trust your instruments to overcome Ear and Sinus Block  Ear pain is the result of a difference between air pressure in the middle ear and outside air pressure.  To prevent/fix pain:  Slow descent rates  Valsalva maneuver  Yawning  Swallowing  Chewing  Do NOT fly with an ear infection Tooth Ache  Expansion of trapped air in the cavities caused by imperfect fillings, damaged root canals, and dental abscesses can produce pain at altitude  Visit dentist of this occurs Scuba Diving  Decompression sickness, or “the bends”  Since bubbles can form in or migrate to any part of the body, DCS can produce many sympotoms, and its effects may vary from joint pain and rashes, to paralysis  Recommended waiting time: uncontrolled Motion Sickness  Brain receiving conflicting messages about the state of the body Stress Fatigue...