Chapter 1 Worksheet - Lecture notes 1-4 PDF

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Brief overview of chapter one of anatomy...

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BIO 141 Chapter 1 Worksheet 1. The study of how the body functions is called: physiology 2. The study of body structures is called: anatomy 3. Can anatomy and physiology be separated? Explain No because anatomy (form) can not exist without physiology (function), they go hand in hand. 4. List the levels of organization of living organisms, starting with the simplest. 1. chemical level 2. cellular level 3. tissue level 4. organ level 5. organ system level 6. organism level

5. Which level of hierarchy is the basic functional unit of life? cellular level

6. Give an example of a tissue. An example of an organ. Tissue - epithelial, muscular, nervous, connective tissue Organ - lung, kidney, heart, liver

7. List the organ systems, and provide a short description of the major function of each. 1. integumentary system - hair, skin 2. skeletal system - provides bone structure, creates skeleton 3. muscular system - muscles provide MOVEMENT 4. nervous system - responsible for nerves, sensory, consciousness, intelligence etc 5. endocrine system - hormones, glands, homeostasis 6. cardiovascular system - heart and blood 7. respiratory system - breathing, lungs, nose etc 8. lymphatic system - responsible for lymph nodes 9. urinary system - responsible for removing waste and creating urine

10. digestive system - digestive food, intestines, stomach etc 11. reproductive system 8. In the anatomic position, where are your thumbs pointing?. Left and right 9. Describe a person in anatomic position. Standing straight, forward, feet flat on the ground, head leveled, eyes frontward, palms facing front

10. You need an image of both eyes in the same CT scan. What type of section do you order? Is there another you could order? Which would you NOT want to order? orbital? 11. You want to image both the heart and lungs in the same X-ray. What type of section do you order? thoracic? 12. Which plane would split the body into equal left and right sections? midsaggital Using directional terms: 13. The elbow is [blank] compared to the wrist. [Hint: the wrist is the “fixed” point, which direction do you travel if you go from the wrist to the elbow?] Superior 14. The liver is [blank] compared to the lungs. inferior

15. Skin is [blank] compared to muscle. superficial 16. The mouth is [blank] compared to the ears. rostral

17. List the two main body regions and indicate which parts of the body form each region. axial - head, neck appendicular - arm, legs

18. Name the body regions using the following images. When learning these terms, try to associate unfamiliar terms with something you know.

19. Diagram the hierarchy of the body cavities and sub-cavities. Posterior Aspect (Dorsal Cavity) cranial cavity vertebral (spinal) cavity Anterior Aspect (Ventral Cavity) thoracic cavity pleural cavities pericardial cavity mediastinum Abdominoplevic cavity abdominal cavity pelvic cavity

20. What structure separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities? ventral cavity

21. For serous membranes, what does the parietal layer cover? The visceral layer? the parietal layer lines the body wall, the visceral layer covers the organ

22. What is the name of the serous membrane that covers the lungs? Heart? The abdominopelvic cavity? lungs -visceral pleura heart - visceral pericardium abdomen - visceral peritoneum

23. Extra! What’s the difference between a serous and a mucous membrane? serous helps organs move smoothly against one another, mucous membranes stop pathogens and dirt from entering body 24. Describe an example of physiological negative feedback that was NOT discussed during the lecture. Describe the steps and components. hypothermia - as body temperature drops, homeostasis tries to make it rise again...