Chapter 14 Chromosomes and Human Inheritance PDF

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance Multiple Choice 1. How many genes are involved in determining skin color? a. 1 b. 2 c. 10 d. 20 e. more than 100 ANSWER: e DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.1 Shades of Skin LEARNING OBJECTI UDOL.STES.16.14.1 - Examine the rationale behind regional variations in VES: human skin color. 2. Which combination makes the most sense from an evolutionary perspective? a. light skin and vitamin D deficiency b. light skin and extensive exposure to sun c. dark skin and little exposure to sun d. dark skin and folate deficiency e. light skin and little sun, or dark skin and lots of sun ANSWER: e DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 14.1 Shades of Skin LEARNING OBJECTI UDOL.STES.16.14.1 - Examine the rationale behind regional variations in VES: human skin color.

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Figure 14.3 3. Which of the following is the genetic condition observed in the woman on the left in the above figure? a. Huntington’s disease b. achondroplasia c. triple recessive condition d. galactosemia e. muscular dystrophies ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 14.3 Examples of Autosomal Inheritance Patterns PREFACE NAME Figure 14.3 : LEARNING OBJ UDOL.STES.16.14.3 - Analyze the inheritance patterns of autosomal dominant ECTIVES: disorders and autosomal recessive disorders. 4. Achondroplasia ____. a. is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition b. affects about one in one million people Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance c. affects only homozygotes d. is characterized by abnormally short arms and legs e. is inherited as an X-linked disorder ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.3 Examples of Autosomal Inheritance Patterns LEARNING OBJ UDOL.STES.16.14.3 - Analyze the inheritance patterns of autosomal dominant ECTIVES: disorders and autosomal recessive disorders. 5. The probability of producing a normal child by two parents who are carriers for an autosomal recessive disorder is ____. a. 0% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75% e. 100% ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply REFERENCES: 14.3 Examples of Autosomal Inheritance Patterns LEARNING OBJ UDOL.STES.16.14.3 - Analyze the inheritance patterns of autosomal dominant ECTIVES: disorders and autosomal recessive disorders. 6. What can be said about sex-determination in humans? a. All human sperm carry a Y chromosome. b. 25% of human zygotes are XY. c. All zygotes carry a Y chromosome. d. Sex depends upon which type of sperm fertilizes the egg. e. All human eggs carry a Y chromosome. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply Bloom's: Evaluate REFERENCES: 14.4 Examples of X-Linked Inheritance Patterns LEARNING OBJE UDOL.STES.16.14.4 - Examine the different types of genetic disorders CTIVES: caused by X-linked inheritance patterns. 7. Which statement about sex chromosomes is correct? a. The Y chromosome carries a greater number of genes for nonsexual traits than does the X. b. X and Y are different in size but carry nearly equal numbers of genes. c. The X chromosome carries more genes for nonsexual traits than does the Y. d. The X chromosome carries only gender-related genes. e. The X chromosome carries the SRY gene. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance REFERENCES: 14.4 Examples of X-Linked Inheritance Patterns LEARNING OBJE UDOL.STES.16.14.4 - Examine the different types of genetic disorders CTIVES: caused by X-linked inheritance patterns. 8. Who is a carrier of an X-linked trait? a. homozygous dominant female b. heterozygous female c. homozygous recessive female d. homozygous male e. heterozygous male ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 14.4 Examples of X-Linked Inheritance Patterns LEARNING OBJE UDOL.STES.16.14.4 - Examine the different types of genetic disorders CTIVES: caused by X-linked inheritance patterns. 9. A human X-linked disorder is a. found only in males. b. more frequently expressed in females. c. found on the Y chromosome. d. transmitted from father to son. e. more frequently expressed in males. ANSWER: e DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.4 Examples of X-Linked Inheritance Patterns LEARNING OBJE UDOL.STES.16.14.4 - Examine the different types of genetic disorders CTIVES: caused by X-linked inheritance patterns. 10. Males tend to be affected in greater numbers by X-linked recessive genetic disorders than are females because a. females have two dominant genes for the disorder. b. males have only one X chromosome. c. males have a double dose of the gene. d. Y chromosomes are not as strong as X chromosomes. e. females have only one X chromosome. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 14.4 Examples of X-Linked Inheritance Patterns LEARNING OBJE UDOL.STES.16.14.4 - Examine the different types of genetic disorders CTIVES: caused by X-linked inheritance patterns. 11. A woman heterozygous for color blindness (an X-linked recessive allele) marries a man with normal color vision. What is the probability that their first child (male or female) will be color blind? a. 25% b. 50% Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance c. 75% d. 100% e. 0% ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES:

a Bloom's: Apply 14.4 Examples of X-Linked Inheritance Patterns UDOL.STES.16.14.4 - Examine the different types of genetic disorders caused by X-linked inheritance patterns.

12. If a daughter expresses an X-linked recessive trait, she inherited the trait from ____. a. her mother b. her father c. both parents d. neither parent e. her grandmother ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply Bloom's: Evaluate REFERENCES: 14.4 Examples of X-Linked Inheritance Patterns LEARNING OBJE UDOL.STES.16.14.4 - Examine the different types of genetic disorders CTIVES: caused by X-linked inheritance patterns. 13. The potential causes of chromosomal aberrations include a. viruses only. b. radiation only. c. a set of specific chemicals. d. viruses and radiation only. e. viruses, radiation, and various chemicals. ANSWER: e DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.5 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Structure LEARNING OBJECT UDOL.STES.16.14.5 - Examine the different types of chromosome IVES: changes and their outcomes.

Excerpt from Figure 14.8 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance 14. The accompanying figure represents which chromosomal change? a. inversion b. deletion c. duplication d. translocatio n e. aneuploidy ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 14.5 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Structure PREFACE NAME: Figure 14.8 LEARNING OBJECT UDOL.STES.16.14.5 - Examine the different types of chromosome IVES: changes and their outcomes.

Excerpt from Figure 14.8 15. The accompanying figure represents which chromosomal change? a. inversion b. deletion c. duplication d. translocatio n e. aneuploidy ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 14.5 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Structure PREFACE NAME: Figure 14.8(1) LEARNING OBJECT UDOL.STES.16.14.5 - Examine the different types of chromosome IVES: changes and their outcomes.

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Excerpt from Figure 14.8 16. The accompanying figure represents which chromosomal change? a. inversion b. deletion c. duplication d. translocatio n e. aneuploidy ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 14.5 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Structure PREFACE NAME: Figure 14.8(2) LEARNING OBJECT UDOL.STES.16.14.5 - Examine the different types of chromosome IVES: changes and their outcomes. 17. A chromosome's gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before modification and ABCDCDEFG afterward is an example of a. inversion. b. deletion. c. duplication. d. translocation . e. aneuploidy. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply REFERENCES: 14.5 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Structure LEARNING OBJECT UDOL.STES.16.14.5 - Examine the different types of chromosome IVES: changes and their outcomes. 18. A chromosome's gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before damage and ABFEDCG after is an example of a. inversion. b. deletion. c. duplication. d. translocation Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance . e. aneuploidy. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECT IVES:

a Bloom's: Apply 14.5 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Structure UDOL.STES.16.14.5 - Examine the different types of chromosome changes and their outcomes.

19. A transfer of genes between non-homologous chromosomes is known as a. crossing over. b. aneuploidy. c. trisomy. d. translocation. e. duplication. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.5 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Structure LEARNING OBJECT UDOL.STES.16.14.5 - Examine the different types of chromosome IVES: changes and their outcomes. 20. Polyploidy can be described as ____. a. only occurring artificially b. only occurring when there is one set of chromosomes c. fatal to all living things d. occurring in about 20% of flowering plants e. fatal in humans but common in flowering plants ANSWER: e DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.6 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Number LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.14.6 - Examine the ill-effects of a change in human TIVES: chromosome number using examples. 21. Changes in chromosome number are usually the result of a. genetic displacement. b. trisomy. c. crossing over. d. nondisjunction. e. disjunction. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.6 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Number LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.14.6 - Examine the ill-effects of a change in human TIVES: chromosome number using examples. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance 22. The failure of chromosomes to separate during mitosis or meiosis is called a. genetic displacement. b. trisomy. c. crossing over. d. nondisjunction. e. disjunction. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.6 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Number LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.14.6 - Examine the ill-effects of a change in human TIVES: chromosome number using examples. 23. Down syndrome involves trisomy ____. a. 3 b. 5 c. 15 d. 19 e. 21 ANSWER: e DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.6 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Number LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.14.6 - Examine the ill-effects of a change in human TIVES: chromosome number using examples. 24. Which syndrome is characterized by a karyotype with 45 chromosomes? a. Turner b. Down c. androgen insensitivity d. Klinefelter e. cri-du-chat ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.6 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Number LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.14.6 - Examine the ill-effects of a change in human TIVES: chromosome number using examples. 25. What is the sex chromosome composition of a person with Turner syndrome? a. XXX b. XO c. XXY d. XYY e. YY ANSWER: b Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply REFERENCES: 14.6 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Number LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.14.6 - Examine the ill-effects of a change in human TIVES: chromosome number using examples. 26. What is the sex chromosome composition of a person with Klinefelter syndrome? a. XXX b. XO c. XXY d. XYY e. YY ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply REFERENCES: 14.6 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Number LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.14.6 - Examine the ill-effects of a change in human TIVES: chromosome number using examples. 27. Males that tend to be taller than average and show mild mental impairment may have a. XXY chromosomes. b. XYY chromosomes. c. Turner syndrome. d. Down syndrome. e. Klinefelter syndrome. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply Bloom's: Evaluate REFERENCES: 14.6 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Number LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.14.6 - Examine the ill-effects of a change in human TIVES: chromosome number using examples. 28. PKU detection includes a. prenatal karyotyping. b. urine analysis at puberty. c. blood tests at puberty. d. saliva tests. e. urine analysis and blood tests at birth. ANSWER: e DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.7 Genetic Screening LEARNING OBJECTI UDOL.STES.16.14.7 - Outline the applications of genetic screening and VES: its potential benefits. 29. Symptoms of phenylketonuria (PKU) may be minimized or suppressed by a diet low in a. serine. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance b. glycine. c. phenylalanine . d. proline. e. glutamic acid. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.7 Genetic Screening LEARNING OBJECTI UDOL.STES.16.14.7 - Outline the applications of genetic screening and VES: its potential benefits. 30. Amniocentesis involves sampling a. the fetus directly. b. the fetal cells floating in the amniotic fluid. c. sperm. d. blood cells. e. placental cells. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.7 Genetic Screening LEARNING OBJECTI UDOL.STES.16.14.7 - Outline the applications of genetic screening and VES: its potential benefits. 31. Amniocentesis is _____. a. a surgical means of repairing deformities b. a form of chemotherapy that modifies or inhibits gene expression or the function of gene products c. used in prenatal diagnosis to detect chromosomal mutations and metabolic disorders in embryos d. a form of gene replacement therapy e. commonly performed on newborns ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.7 Genetic Screening LEARNING OBJECTI UDOL.STES.16.14.7 - Outline the applications of genetic screening and VES: its potential benefits. 32. A prenatal diagnosis procedure that has recently come into wide use and can be performed earlier than amniocentesis involves sampling the _____. a. yolk sac material b. allantois c. chorion d. yolk sac Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance e. umbilical cord ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.7 Genetic Screening LEARNING OBJECTI UDOL.STES.16.14.7 - Outline the applications of genetic screening and VES: its potential benefits. 33. It is now possible to analyze the genetics of an in vitro fertilized embryo by a. fetoscopy. b. amniocentesis. c. chorionic villi sampling. d. pre-implantation diagnosis. e. post-implantation diagnosis. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.7 Genetic Screening LEARNING OBJECTI UDOL.STES.16.14.7 - Outline the applications of genetic screening and VES: its potential benefits. Completion 34. The human has __________ sets of autosomal chromosomes. ANSWER: 22 twenty-two DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply REFERENCES: 14.4 Examples of X-Linked Inheritance Patterns LEARNING OBJE UDOL.STES.16.14.4 - Examine the different types of genetic disorders CTIVES: caused by X-linked inheritance patterns. 35. __________ is a diagnostic tool that reveals missing or extra chromosomes and some structural changes in an individual's chromosomes. ANSWER: Karyotyping DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply REFERENCES: 14.5 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Structure LEARNING OBJECT UDOL.STES.16.14.5 - Examine the different types of chromosome IVES: changes and their outcomes. 36. Rarely, a chromosome's structure becomes altered when part of it undergoes duplication, deletion, __________, or __________. ANSWER: inversion; translocation translocation; inversion DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 14.5 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Structure LEARNING OBJECT UDOL.STES.16.14.5 - Examine the different types of chromosome IVES: changes and their outcomes. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance Matching Choose the most appropriate answer for each. a. 3n; generally sterile b. a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome c. (2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome d. a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones e. (2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes f. a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process g. encodes a transport protein in melanosome membranes h. a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.1 Shades of Skin LEARNING OBJECTI UDOL.STES.16.14.1 - Examine the rationale behind regional variations in VES: human skin color. 37. SLC24A5 ANSWER: g Choose the most appropriate answer for each. a. 3n; generally sterile b. a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome c. (2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome d. a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones e. (2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes f. a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process g. encodes a transport protein in melanosome membranes h. a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.5 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Structure LEARNING OBJECT UDOL.STES.16.14.5 - Examine the different types of chromosome IVES: changes and their outcomes. 38. duplication ANSWER: d 39. inversion ANSWER: h 40. translocation ANSWER: b Choose the most appropriate answer for each. a. 3n; generally sterile b. a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome c. (2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance d. a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones e. (2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes f. a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process g. encodes a transport protein in melanosome membranes h. a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.6 Heritable Changes in Chromosome Number LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.14.6 - Examine the ill-effects of a change in human TIVES: chromosome number using examples. 41. monosomy ANSWER: c 42. triploidy ANSWER: a 43. trisomy ANSWER: e Match the cause with the disorder. a. autosomal recessive inheritance; lactose metabolism is blocked b. nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair c. X-linked recessive inheritance d. nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 14.3 Examples of Autosomal Inheritance Patterns LEARNING OBJ UDOL.STES.16.14.3 - Analyze the inheritance patterns of autosomal dominant ECTIVES: disorders and autosomal recessive disorders. 44. Down syndrome ANSWER: b 45. galactosemia ANSWER: a 46. red-green color blindness ANSWER: c 47. hemophilia A ANSWER: c Match the cause with the disorder. a. autosomal recessive inheritance; lactose metabolism is blocked b. nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair c. X-linked recessive inheritance Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 14 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance d. nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: REF: 14.4 Examples of X-Linked Inheritance Patterns LEARNING OBJE UDOL.STES.16.14.4 - Examine the different types of genetic disorders CTIVES: caused by X-linked inheritance patterns. 48. Turner syndrome ANSWER: d Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below. a. 12 b. 23 c. 24 d. 46 e. 47 DIFFICUL...