Chapter 14 Lymphatic & Immune System PDF

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Chapter 14 Lymphatic & Immune System lymph - clear, watery fluid that surrounds body cells and flows in a system of thin walled lymph vessels (lymphatic system) that extends through the body ● originated from blood ● Lymph does not contain - erythrocytes or platelets ● Lymph is rich in? - lymphocytes and monocytes ● liquid part of Lymph contains - water, salts, sugar, waste of metabolism like urea and creatinine but unlike plasma contains less protein interstitial fluid - fluid that surrounds body cells - passes through lymph capillaries lymph capillaries - Small, thin walled vessels that collect lymph from interstitial fluid lymph - fluid in lymph capillaries lymph nodes - clusters of small, spongy structures that filter particles from lymph lymphatic system functions - -drainage system to transport proteins and leaked fluid from blood capillaries back into bloodstream through veins - lymphatic vessels in intestines absorb lipids from small intestine and transport em to bloodstream - defense of body against foreign organisms lymphocytes, monocytes, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland - protect body by producing antibodies and attacking foreign cells 6 major sites of lymph nodes - cervical(neck), axillary (armpit), mediastinal (chest), mesenteric (intestinal), paraaortic (lumbar), inguinal (groin) tonsils - masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx adenoids - mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx lymph vessels - lead toward thoracic cavity n empty into 2 large ducts in the upper chest: right lymphatic duct n thoracic duct thoracic duct - receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities

right lymphatic duct - receives lymph from the right upper part of the body and chest lymph nodes - Bean-shaped filters that cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body n spleen liver lungs. They function as a cleanser of lymph as wells as a site of T and B cell activation B lymphocytes (B cells) - Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and secretes antibodies. T lymphocytes (T cells) - Lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and acts directly against antigens in cell-mediated immune responses. spleen and thymus - organs of the lymphatic system Spleen - Located on the left side of the abdomen ● Filters blood ● Destroys worn out blood cells ● Forms blood cells in the fetus ● stores blood ● activation of lymphocytes thymus gland - located in the upper mediastinum btwn the lungs ● becomes smaller w age ● composed of nests of lymphoid cells on connective tissue thyectomy - removal of the thymus gland splenectomy - surgical removal of the spleen tolerance - lymphocytes learning to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as self autoimmune disease - a disease in which the immune system attacks the organism's own cells leukocytes - neutrophils, eosinphil, basophil, lymphocyte, and monocycte immunity - body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs

natural immunity - resistance present at birth T cells - recognize and remember specific antigens and produce stronger attacks vaccination adaptive immunity - an injection of a killed virus that stimulated b cells to secrete antibodies lymphocytes are part of - adaptive immunity antitoxin - antibodies against a specific toxin maternal antibodies - Mothers transfer some antibodies across the placenta to the developing fetus. This gives them protection against some diseases the mother has already had; breastfeeding does this too. adaptive immunity adaptive immunity - the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them -humoral immunity - cell mediated immunity natural immunity - Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living. humoral immunity - B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity cell-mediated immunity - type of immunity produced by T cells that attack infected or abnormal body cells b cell matures to - plasma cell complement system - a group of proteins that help antibodies kill their target dendritic cells - specialized white blood cells that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infections monoclonal antibodies - any of a class of antibodies produced in the laboratory by identical offspring of a clone of specific cells

lymph/o - lymph lymphocytopenia - deficiency of lymphocytes Lymphocytosis - Increase in numbers of lymphocytes in the bloodstream. lymphoid - derived from lymph tissue -oid - resembling, derived from lymphaden/o - lymph node aden/o - gland lymphadenopathy - disease of the lymph nodes lymphadenitis - inflammation of the lymph nodes splen/o - spleen splenomegaly - enlargement of the spleen thym/o - thymus gland tox/o - poison acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems caused by HIV which destroys helper T cells opportunistic infection - infectious disease associated with AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma - malignant tumor of the blood vessels associated with AIDS lymphoma - malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue Hodgkin's lymphoma - malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes ELISA - screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream, confirmed w western blot test if positive...