Chapter 14 Summary - prof. Ben Holland - Experience Human Development PDF

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Hannah Shill 11/4/19 Chapter 14 Summary Young adults today do not as often follow the pathway into adulthood that boomers took. Only about 1 in 4 had done so by the 90s. A lot of young adults put off things like marriage and children until they’re in their 30s. “...since 1975, emerging adults with the highest well-being were those who were not yet married, had no children, attended college, and lived away from their childhood home” (Papalia and Martorell 413). Recentering is “[the] process that underlies the shift to an adult identity” (414). Consists of three stages. 1. The young adult still is involved with their family but make more independent decisions for themselves, 2. The young adult still is involved with their family but no longer lives with them, and 3. They officially enter young adulthood by becoming completely independent from their family and moves on to gain a career and possibly a family. Moratorium status is “...a self-conscious crisis that ideally leads to a resolution and identity achievement status” (415). One third of western young adults experience this. Finding their identity is different for minorities, who tend to begin typical adult tasks earlier than white youth. Healthy relationships with parents and support for them can largely benefit an emerging adult. 4 approaches to psychosocial development in emerging adults: Normative-stage models, timing-of-events model, trait models, and typological models (see table on page 418 for details). Intimacy versus isolation is “Erikson’s sixth stage of psychosocial development, in which young adults either form strong, long-lasting bonds with friends and romantic partners or face a possible sense of isolation and self-absorption” ( 418). Erikson believes that the solution to this is to form a healthy, heterosexual romantic partnership that involves having children. This has been

criticized due to leaving out lots of people. Normative life events are events that typically happen at a certain point in life, and it often goes by the social clock, defined as “...society’s norms or expectations for the appropriate timing of life events” (419). See figure 2 on page 420 for Costa and McCrae’s five factors of personality. The way these factors can develop and change varies. The three types of personality “...differ in ego-resiliency, or adaptability under stress, and ego-control, or self-control” (422). Those who are ego-resilient are confident, independent, cooperative, etc. Overcontrolled are shy, anxious, dependable, non-confrontational, etc. Undercontrolled are energetic, impulsive, easily distracted, etc. The two main components of intimate relationships in emerging adults are friendship and love. Friendships between young adults can have a tendency to drift apart or become unstable due to distance. Social media can help friends stay in contact. Time spent with friends decreases at this time, but having friends is important. Fictive kin are “friends who are considered and behave like family members” (423). The triangular theory of love is “Sternberg’s theory that patterns of love hinge on the balance among three elements: intimacy, passion, and commitment” (424). See table on page 424 for patterns of loving. Traditional ideas of marriage and family are much less common nowadays. The amounts of single adults in the states have tripled from 1970 to 2005. A large portion of single adults are emerging and young adults. Homosexual romantic relationships have increased rapidly in the past 40 years. Half of the US population supports gay marriage and having a family member or close friend be gay or lesbian has a powerful effect on whether or not someone supports it. Cohabitation is becoming more common in the United States. There tends to be more relationship problems in cohabiting partnerships. Statistics of marriage have changed. Women in

marriages are often more educated and economically better off. Less emphasis is being put on gender roles. Compatibility is a bigger focus rather than romantic love. “Married people tend to be happier than unmarried people, though those in unhappy marriages are less happy than those who are unmarried or divorced” (430). People that live in industrial countries are having less children. People often start having children in their 30s and sometimes 40s or 50s. Births to unmarried mothers have been on the rise. 30% of children live with a stay at home mom and working dad. Mothers, however, are still more involved with children in general than fathers are. This can change as children age. Having children, especially newborns, can affect marital satisfaction. Finding a balance between children, partners, and work can be challenging. Divorces on average happen after 7-8 years of marriage. Women that are more educated tend to be less permissive towards divorce. Age at which people get married can influence divorce. Children of divorced parents have more fear that they might get divorced in the future and sometimes do. How people react to and benefit or suffer from divorce depends on the state of the marriage. Remarriage is common for people who have been divorced....