Chapter 15- Psychological Therapies PDF

Preview

Summary

Chapter 15 notes for Flyswithhawks...

Description

Chapt er15 Ps y c hol ogi c alTher api es Ther apy •t r eat mentt omak epeopl ef eelbet t erandf unct i oneffect i v el y TwoKi ndsofModer nTher apy •al t houghwecansepar at et r eat ment si nt ot heset wol ar gercat egor i es ,manyeffect i v et r eat ment scombi nef acet sofbot h wot y pesoft her apy : •t Psychot her apy

Bi omedi calTher apy

•i nv ol v esaper s ont al ki ngt oaps y c hol ogi cal pr o- •us esamedi cal pr ocedur et obr i ngabout f ess i onal aboutt heper s on’ spr obl ems

-i ns i ght -behav i or s,t hought s,f eel i ngs -act i on-c hangebehav i ordi r ect l y -goal s -cl i entt ounder st andsel fbet t er

c hangesi nbehavi or

-dr ugs -bet t ercont r ol s ympt oms -sur gi cal met hods -el ect r i cshockt r eat ment s

Ear l yTr eat ment •1500s: -ment al l yi l lconfinedt oas y l ums -possessedbydemonsorevi lspi r i t s -t r eat ment shar sh,of t endamagi ng •bl oodl et t i ng,beat i ngs ,i c ebat hs,hy dr ot her apy -Psychi at r i s tPhi l i ppePi nel : •demandedhumanet r eat ment •“ mor alt r eat ment ” -ki ndnessandgui dance Psychot her apyBegi ns Si gmundFr eudandPs y c hoanal y s i s •t hei mpur i t i esoft heunconsc i ousmi ndwer econs i der edt obedi st ur bi ngt hought s ,soci al l yunacc ept abl edes i r es ,andi mmor alur gest hator i gi nat ei nt heI . D. y si s :t her apyt or ev ealuncons ci ousconfli ct s •psychoanal

-dr eam i nt er pr et at i on-r epr ess edmat er i al s ur f acedi ndr eams •mani f es tcont ent -act ualdr eam andi t sev ent s •l at entcont ent -hi dden,s ymbol i cmeani ngofev ent s -f r eeass oc i at i on-t al kaboutanyt hi ngt hatcamet omi nd -r esi s t ance-pat i entbecomesunwi l l i ngt ot al kaboutcer t ai nt opi c s -t r ansf er enc e-t her api s tbecomess ymbol ofapar ent alaut hor i t yfigur ef r om t hepas t ;pat i ent pr oj ect sf eel i ngsont ot her api s t

Ps y c hoanal y si sToday -t her api s tmor edi r ect i v e,nof oc usonI . D. ct her apy-newert er mf orps y choanal y si s •psychodynami -mor ef ocusonegot r ans f er ence( pr oj ect i onont ot her api st ) -shor t ert r eat mentt i met hanps y choanal y si s •di r ect i v e:t her api stact i v el ygi v esi nt er pr et at i onsofcl i ent ’ ss t at ement sandmays uggestcer t ai nbehav i or ,act i ons -aski ngques t i ons ,gi v i ngopi ni onsear l i eri nt het her apeut i cr el at i ons hi p -canengaget het her api s t ,caneffect i v el yv er bal l yex pr essi deas ,f eel i ngs&t hought s I nt er per s onal Ther apy -f ocusesoni nt er per s onal r el at i ons hi psandf unct i oni ng nt er per sonalt her apy :i nsi ghtt her apyf ocusesonr el at i ons hi psandt heev ent sofev er y dayl i f e, •i dev el opedt oaddr essdepr es si on •combi nesaspect sofhumani s t i c&cogni t i v ebehavi or alt her api esmaki ngi tt r ul yec l ect i c Humani st i cTher apy:To“Er r ”i sHuman Car lRoger s ’ sPer sonCent er edTher apy •humani s t i ct her api esf ocusont heconsc i ousmi ndandsubj ec t i v eexper i encest ohel pc l i ent s gai ni nsi ght •per soncent er edt her apy: -nondi r ect i v ei nsi ghtt her apy •al l owi ngcl i entt ot al kt hr oughpr obl ems -cl i entt al k s,t her api stl i s t ens;cl i enti scent eroff oc us -cl i entact ual l ydoesal lt her ealwor k ,t her api s tact i ngasasoundboar d FourEl ement sofRoger ’ sTher apy hy -l i s t eni ngcar ef ul l yandcl osel yt owhatt hec l i enti ssay i ng;t r y i ngt of eel whatt hey 1.empat f eel hent i c i t y-genui ne,open,andhonestr esponset ot hec l i ent 2.aut 3.r eflect i on-al l owsc l i entt ot al k ,hav ei nsi ght swi t houti nt er f er enceoft her api s t ’ si nt er pr et at i ons 4.uncondi t i onalpos i t i v er egar d-havi ngr es pectf orc l i entandt hei rf eel i ngs,v al ues ,andgoal s Gest al tTher apy -“ Whol ePi ct ur ed” al tt her apy:cl i entacc ept sal lofs el f ;di r ect i v e,r ol epl ay i ng,l eadi ngques t i ons,conf r ont a•Gest t i onofc l i ent s ’st at ement s •hel pi ngc l i entbecomeawar eoff eel i ngs&t ak er es ponsi bi l i t yf ort hei rchoi c esi nl i f e,bot hnow andi nt hepast .Focusi sondeni edpast -or i gi nat edbyFr i t zPer l s -“ empt ychai r ”t echni que -cl i entar guesbot hs i desofconfli ct i ngf eel i ngs •ex :t ak eonr ol eofper s ont heyhav econfli ctwi t h Ev al uat i onofHumani st i cTher api es •br oadappl i cat i oni ncar eer ,wor kpl ace,mar r i age,et c . •wor ksbestwi t hi nt el l i gent ,hi ghl yv er balper s ons

•notbasedi nexper i ment alr es ear ch Behavi orTher api es-Lear ni ngOne’ sWayt oBet t erBehavi or Lear ni ngOne’ sWayt oBet t erBehavi or i onbas edr at hert hani ns i ghtbased.l ear ni ngc r eat edt hepr obl em •behavi ort her api esar eact andnewl ear ni ngcancor r ecti t ort her api es:act i ont her api esf ocusedonbehav i ornotcauses •behavi -cl as si calcondi t i oni ng&oper antcondi t i oni ng •behavi ormodi fic at i onorappl i edbehav i oranal y s i s:c hangeundes i r abl ebehav i or sadi ncr eas e des i r abl ebehav i orvi al ear ni ngt echni ques Ther api esBasedonCl ass i calCondi t i oni ng •syst emi cdesensi t i z at i on:f ort r eat i ngphobi as -st ep1:r eal i z at i on -st ep2:f earhi er ar chy -st ep3:pr ogr ess i v eexposur e •aver s i ont her apy :undes i r abl ebehav i orpai r edwi t hav er s i v es t i mul us •exposur et her apy :i nt r oducescl i ent st os i t uat i onsr el at edt ot hei ranx i et i esundercont r ol l ed condi t i ons -floodi ng:r api d,i nt ens eexposur e( notl i t er alfloodi ng,t hecogni t i v et hi nki ngas pect ) -eyemov ementdesensi t i zat i onr epr oc ess i ng( EMDR) Ther api esBasedonOper antCondi t i oni ng •model i ng:l ear ni ngvi aobser v at i onandi mi t at i onofamodel -par t i ci pantmodel i ng:model t ak esc l i entt hr oughs t epby s t ep,gr adual pr ocessf ordesi r ed behavi or •ex :appr oach,t ouc h,petdog •modelcanbesomeonei nsamer oom ors omeonev i ewedonv i deo •r ei nf or cement :s t r engt heni ngofr es ponsebyf ol l owi ngi twi t hapl easur abl econs equence ( pos i t i v e)orar emov alofanunpl easants t i mul us( negat i v e) ok eneconomy :r ei nf or cer sear nedandex c hangedf ordesi r edt hi ngs -t -cont i ngenc ycont r act :f or malagr eementonbehavi orchange,r ei nf or cement s,penal t i es •ext i nct i on:t her emov alofar ei nf or c ert or educet hef r equenc yofundesi r abl ebehav i or -t i meout :r emov alf r om s i t uat i ont hatr ei nf or cesundesi r abl ebehav i or Ev al uat i onofBehavi orTher api es •behavi or alt her api esmaybemor eeffect i v et hanot herf or msoft her apyi nt r eat i ngspeci ficbehavi or alpr obl ems( ex :bedwet t i ngs ,ov er eat i ng,dr ugaddi ct i ons,phobi cr eact i ons ) •cont r ols y mpt omsqui c kl yandeffect i v el y •noteffect i v ewi t hser i ousps y chol ogi caldi s or der sov er al l ,butcani mpr ov es peci fics ympt oms Cogni t i veTher api es:Thi nki ngi sBel i evi ng

Di st or t i onsofThi nki ng-Beck ’ sCogni t i v eTher apy t i v edi st or t i ons: •cogni -ar bi t r ar yi nt er f er ence:j umpi ngt oconcl us i onswi t houtev i denc e -sel ect i v et hi nki ng:f ocusi ngononl yoneas pectoft hes i t uat i on -over gener al i z at i on:maki ngs weepi ngconcl us i onsbas edononl yonei nc i dent -magni fi cat i onandmi ni mi z at i on:negat i v eev ent sbl ownoutofpr opor t i on;posi t i v eev ent si gnor ed sonal i zat i on:as sumi ngt oomuchper sonalr esponsi bi l i t y -per

Cogni t i v eTher api es •cogni t i v ebehav i or alt her apy :l ear ni ngt ot hi nkmor er at i onal l yandl ogi cal l y hr eegoal s : •t 1.r el i ev es ympt omsands ol v epr obl ems 2.dev el opst r at egi esf orsol v i ngf ut ur epr obl ems 3.hel pc hangei r r at i onal ,di st or t edt hi nki ng Gr oupTher apy Ty pesofGr oupTher apy •anal t er nat i v et oi ndi vi dualt her apyi st ogat heragr oupofcl i ent swi t h s i mi l arpr obl emst oget herandhav et hegr oupdi sc usspr obl emsundert he gui danceofat her api s t ami l ycounsel i ngorf ami l yt her apy:f ami l ymember smeett oget herwi t hacounsel ort oad-f dr esspr obl em f hel pgr oups( s uppor tgr oups ) :gr oupsofpeopl ewi t hsi mi l arpr obl emsmeett oget her -sel wi t houtt her api s t Gr oupTher apy Advant ages •l owcost •ex posur et oot her swi t hs i mi l arpr obl ems •soci al i nt er act i onwi t hot her s •soci al andemot i onal s uppor t •effect i v ef orpeopl ewi t hsoci al anxi et y

Di sadvant ages

•mustshar et her api st ’ st i me •l ac kofpr i v at es et t i ngi nwhi cht or ev eal concer ns •sever el ydi sor der edper s onsunabl et ot ol er at e gr oups

Ev al uat i onf orGr oupTher apy •mostusef ulf orpeopl ewhocannotaffor di ndi v i dualt her apy •canpr ovi deagr eatdealofs oci alandemot i onals uppor tandv al i dat i on Char act er i s t i csofGr oupTher apy

•mat chi ngt her apyt ocl i entandpr obl em •t her apeut i cal l i ance:war m,car i ng,acc ept i ng,empat het i c ,r espec t f ulr el at i onshi pbet ween t her api s tandcl i ent •pr ot ect edset t i ng •oppor t uni t yf orcat har s i s( r el i ev i ngpent upemot i ons_ •l ear ni ngandpr act i ceofnewbehavi or s •posi t i v eexper i ences Cul t ur al ,Et hni c,andGenderConcer ns ourbar r i er st oeffectps y chot her apy: •f 1.c ul t ur eboundv al ues-v er bal ,emot i onal ,behavi or alexpr ess i v enessandcommuni c at i on pat t er ns 4.c l as sboundv al ues-adher encet ot i mesc hedul es,ambi guousappr oac ht opr obl ems 5.l anguage-emphas i sonv er balcommuni cat i on,s t andar dEngl i s h 6.nonv er balcommuni c at i on-bodyl anguage,gest ur es,ey econt act ,phys i caldi st ancebet weenc l i entandt her api s t Cyber t her apy •cyber t her apy :ps y chot her apyv i ai nt er net -advant ages :cos t ,anony mi t y ,easi eracc ess -di sadv ant ages:uncer t ai nc r edent i al soft her api st ,l ackofv ocal / bodyc uesf orass ess i ng emot i ons Bi omedi calTher api es •bi omedi c alt her api es :affectbi ol ogi calf unct i oni ngofbodyandbr ai n -useofdr ugs,i nducedconv ul s i onsors hockt her apy ,andsur ger y macol ogy:us eofdr ugst ocont r ol orr el i ev es y mpt omsofdi s or der s •psychophar Psychophar macol ogy •var i oust y pesofdr ugsar eus edt ot r eatps y c hol ogi caldi s or der s -ant i ps y chot i cdr ugs:t r eatps y chot i cs y mpt omssuchasdel usi onsandhal l uci nat i ons -ant i anxi et ydr ugs :cal m anx i et yr eact i ons( mi nort r anqui l i z er s ) -ant i mani cdr ugs :t r eatbi pol ardi s or der( l i t hi um) -ant i depr es santdr ugs :t r eatdepr ess i onandanxi et y •monami neox i das ei nhi bi t or s( MAOI s) •t r i cy cl i cs •s el ect i v eser ot oni nr eupt ak ei nhi bi t or s( SSRI s) El ect r oconvul si veTher apy •ECTi nv ol v est heuseofamusc l er el ax ant ,ashor t t er m anest het i c ,andi nduct i onofas ei z ur e undercont r ol l edcondi t i ons •el ect r oconvul s i v et her apy( ECT) :del i v er yofanel ect r i cs hockt oei t herones i deorbot hsi des ofaper son’ shead -qui ck ,shor t t er mt r eat mentf ors ev er edepr ess i on,bi pol ar ,ands chi z ophr eni adi s or der s Psychosur ger y

•psychosur ger y :sur ger yonbr ai nt i s suet or el i ev es ev er eps y chol ogi caldi s or der s -pr ef r ont all obot omy :connect i onsbet weenpr ef r ont all obeandr es tofbr ai nsev er ed -bi l at er alant er i orc i ngul ot omy :deepl esi oni ngofci ngul at egyr usvi ael ect r odewi r e •emer gi ngt echnol ogi es : -r epet i t i v et r ans cr ani almagnet i cs t i mul at i on -t r ansc r ani aldi r ectcur r entst i mul at i on -deepbr ai nst i mul at i on Vi r t ualReal i t y •oneoft hemai nusesofVRasat her apyi ncor por at esexpos ur et her apyofsomef or m •vi r t ualr eal i t yt her apy : -comput er baseds t i mul at i onofenv i r onment s -canbeusedt ot r eatdi sor der edsuchasphobi asandPTSD -l essr i s kt hant hatofact ual exposur et oanxi et y pr ov oki ngst i mul i -par t i cul ar l yus ef ulasadel i v er ys y s t em f orexposur et her apy...