Chapter 19 - N/A PDF

Preview

Summary

N/A...

Description

Chapter 19 •

•

•

•

•

•

•

Describe the important anatomical features of the nervous system.  Two component parts of the nervous system:  Central nervous system (CNS): brain and spinal cord  Peripheral nervous system (PNS): nerves emanating from the brain and spinal cord to sense organs and to the periphery of the body Discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the normal biota of the nervous system.  It is still believed that there is no normal biota in either CNS or PNS, but there is also no research being done at present from Human Microbiome Project List the possible causative agents for meningitis and neonatal/infant meningitis.  Neisseria meningitidis  Streptococcus pneumoniae  Haemophilus influenzae  Listeria monocytogenes  Cryptococcus neoformans  Coccidioides immitis Identify which of the agents causing meningitis is the most common and which is the most deadly.  Common: Streptococcus pneumoniae  Deadly: Discuss important features of meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, and subacute encephalitis.  Meningoencephalitis:  Encephalitis: inflammation of the brain.  Because of the close association of the brain and spinal cord, infection of one structure may involve the other  Amoebas cause meningoencephalitis: • Naegleria fowleri • Acanthamoeba  Subacute meningitis Identify which encephalitis-causing viruses you should be aware of in your geographic area.  West Nile Encephalitis  LaCrosse Encephalitis  West Equine Encephalitis  Eastern Equine Encephalitis  St. Louis Encephalitis List the possible causative agents for each of the following conditions: rabies, poliomyelitis, tetanus, botulism, and African sleeping sickness.  Rabies: rabies virus  Poliomyelitis: Poliovirus 1, 2 and 3  Tetanus: Clostridium tetani

• •

 Botulism: Clostridium botulinum  African Sleeping Sickness: Trypanosoma brucei Identify the conditions for which vaccination is available.  Explain the difference between the oral polio vaccine and the inactivated polio vaccine, and identify under which circumstances each is appropriate.  IPV does not stop transmission of the virus, oral polio vaccine is used wherever a polio outbreak needs to be contained  IPV is not recommended for routine use in polio-endemic countries or in developing countries at risk of poliovirus importations. In these countries, oral polio vaccines – trivalent, bivalent or monovalent, depending on local epidemiology – are used....