Chapter 20 Business culture to Great Depression PDF

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Key Terms Sacco-Vanzetti case two Italian immigrants accused of participating in a robbery at a south Braintree Massachusetts factory in which a security guard was killed. Equal rights amendment proposed to eliminate all legal distinctions “on account of sex”. Flapper bobbed hair, short skirts, public smoking and drinking and unapologetic use of birth control methods such as the diaphragm. Adkins v children’s hospital overturning a minimum wage law for women in Washington DC now that woman enjoyed the vote, the justices declared, they were entitled to the same workplace freedom as men. Teapot dome most notorious scandal secretary of the interior Albert Fall, who accepted nearly $500,000 from private businessmen to whom he leased government oil reserves. First cabinet member in history to be convicted of a felony. American civil liberties union (ACLU) take part in the most landmark cases that helped bring about a “rights revolution” its efforts helped to give meaning to traditional civil liberties like freedom of speech and invented new ones, like the right to privacy. Schenck v. United States a socialist who had distributed anti draft leaflets through the mails. Fundamentalism Sunday drew huge crowds with a highly theatrical preaching style and a message denouncing sins ranging from Darwinism to alcohol. Remained an important strain of 1920s culture and politics. Scopes trail John scopes a teacher in Tennessee public school was arrested for violating a state law that prohibited the teaching of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution.

Illegal alien southern and Eastern Europeans who tried to sneak across the border from Mexico to Canada New negro politics with pan africanism and the militancy of the Garvey movement, in art meant the rejection of established stereotypes and a search for black values to put in their place. Harlem Renaissance the roots of the black experience Africa the rural south’s folk traditions and the life of the urban ghetto Great Depression $10 billion in market value vanished in 5 hours, greatest economic disaster in modern history Stock market crash frenzied real estate speculation and then spectacular busts, banks failing, landmarks remaining undeveloped and mortgages foreclosed. Smoot-hawley tariff made the economic situation worse rasing the already high taxes on imported goods it inspired similar increases abroad, further reducing international trade. Reconstruction finance corporation loaned money to failing banks, railroads, and other businesses and the federal home loan bank system which offered aid to homeowners threatened foreclosure.

REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. How did consumerism and the idea of the American way of life affect peoples understanding of American values, including the meaning of freedom in the 1920s? A. 1920s was ruled by youth, fashions, fads; prohibition was instituted. B. 1920s = time of self expression; use of automobiles. 2. Which groups did not share in the prosperity of the 1920s and why? A. Farmers, due to debt; immigrants due to low wages, bad jobs, discrimination 3. How did business practices and polities lead to a decline in union

membership in the 1920s? A. New strategies by companies to discourage union membership B. More cooperation between businesses and government C. Employees demands gradually being met D. The suggested methods to discourage unions include counter organization, inducing union leaders to support management, supporting other pro business enterprises, refusing to work with pro union enterprises, obtaining information on unions and other tactics. 4. President Calvin Coolidge said “the chief business of the American people is business”. How did the federal government policies and practices in the 1920s reflect this understanding of the importance of business interests? A. Business interests were given special consideration by government institutions B. Interest rates were kept low = capital reformation for large business enterprises // Coolidge is talking of the dignity of labor. Coolidge and secretary of the treasury Andrew Mellon generally adopted laissez faire stance toward the economy; they neither subsidized farmers, businessmen, and investors nor harmed or impeded them. The presidents non interventionist posture reflected his abiding respect for producers of every king. Coolidge believed “civilization and profits go hand in hand” 5. Who supported restricting immigration in the 1920s and why? Why were they more successful in gaining federal legislation to limit immigration in these years? A. Klu klux klan and some American people due to nativism 6. Did us society on the 1920s reflect the concept of cultural pluralism as explained by Horace Kallen? Why or why not? A. Cultural pluralist, advocated that immigrants should be able to retain their traditional cultures rather than blend into a single American melting pot. No, Americans had to assimilate to be true

Americans so they can be respected and valued like other white Americans. 7. Identify the causes of the Great Depression A. Stock market crash of 1929 B. Decrease in American purchasing power due to unequal distribution of income/wealth overproduction C. Crisis in farming D. Rising gap in rich and poor E. Federal reserve, Harley Smott tariff 8. What principles guided president Hoover’s response to the Great Depression and how did this restrict his ability to help the American people? A. Acceptance of business cycle - Hoover was uncaring to citizen needs B. Aversion to government relief - was told economic downturn is normal part of capitalism C. Preference for associational action - faith placed in voluntary steps by businesses to help needy neighbors 9. What issues were of particular concern to fundamentalists in these years and why? A. Evangelical Protestants feel threaten by mainstream Protestants catholic and Jews supported prohibition which greatly reduced alcohol consumption during the 1920s fought the teaching of evaluation in private and public schools 10. In what ways did the ideas about (and the reality of) proper roles for women change in these years? A. Equal rights amendment- equal access to employment, education, other citizen rights B. Sexual freedom C. Youth flapper image D. Continued stress on marriage, homemaking is ultimate goals women used for advertising purposes = smoking, freedom,

marriage still ultimate goal, freedom can be in time boundaries...