Chapter 22,23, 31 Concept Maps PDF

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Concept Maps based on Chapter 22,23, and 31...

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Charles Darwin came up with the Theory of Evolution, and he called it Descent with Modification. Natural Selection is a result of of evolution and adaptation is a result of natural selection. For natural selection to occur, it needs genetic variation. Darwin also states that only a population can evolve over time and not individuals, where heritable traits are passed through generation. Artificial selection also contributes to evolution because humans can modify certain traits for a new species. Another type of evolution is called convergent evolution, where organisms have similar traits to other organisms, but they are distantly related. Biogeography, direct observations, homology, and fossil records are data that show the pattern of evolution. Homologous structures are anatomical features that resemble a common ancestor. Vestigial structures are structures that an organism’s ancestors used but serve no purpose to an organism now. Endemic species are species that are found at a certain place and nowhere else

Microevolution is the observation of evolutionary change in populations where there is a change in allele frequencies. Allele frequency change is based on natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow where genetic variation is required. Genetic variation can be caused by mutations, changes in gene number or position, sexual reproduction, and rapid reproduction. Genetic variation can also be demonstrated through phenotypic variations. The Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium determines whether a population is evolving, and using it mathematically helps determine the gene pool. Genetic drift can be caused by the bottleneck effect or the founder effect. They are three types of natural selection: directional disruptive and stabilizing

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