Chapter 5 Extinction - Practice Questions ch5 PDF

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True / False 1. Ignoring is the same as extinction. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e 2. When extinction is used following intermittent reinforcement, the behavior will be more resistant to extinction. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 3. When extinction is used following continuous reinforcement, the behavior will decrease more quickly. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 4. Extinction and negative reinforcement both decrease a behavior. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e 5. For extinction to work most quickly, it is best to reinforce the behavior once extinction is initiated. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e 6. Spontaneous recovery is when the behavior occurs again after extinction has decreased the behavior to zero. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 7. During an extinction burst, novel behaviors or emotional behaviors may occur. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 8. Extinction works following positive reinforcement, but does not work following negative reinforcement.

a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e 9. Extinction is when a behavior is no longer reinforced and as a result, the behavior stops occurring. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 10. In an extinction burst, the behavior temporarily increases before it decreases. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True Multiple Choice 11. A behavior that has been previously reinforced no longer results in reinforcing consequences and, as a result, stops occurring in the future. This process is referred to as: a. positive reinforcement b. extinction c. negative reinforcement d. punishment ANSWER: b 12. Extinction occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is ____________ reinforced. a. continuously b. intermittently c. no longer d. A and B ANSWER: c 13. _________ occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced _________ occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced_________ occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced a. punishment b. conditionin g c. extinction d. B and C ANSWER: c 14. Timmy takes out the garbage and his mother praises him when he does it. When his mother stops praising him,

Timmy stops taking out the garbage. Timmy’s behavior of taking out the garbage has been: a. punished b. extinguished c. reversed d. negatively reinforced ANSWER: b 15. Sarah presses her mouse button while using her computer but nothing happens (the mouse is broken). Sarah presses the mouse button longer and harder before eventually giving up. Sarah’s behavior of temporarily pressing the mouse button longer and harder before giving up is an example of a(an): a. contingency b. establishing operation c. novel behavior d. extinction burst ANSWER: d 16. During an extinction burst, the unreinforced behavior can increase in: a. frequency b. duration c. intensity d. all of these ANSWER: d 17. During ___________, the unreinforced behavior can increase in frequency, duration, or intensity a. spontaneous recovery b. an extinction burst c. punishment d. all of these ANSWER: b 18. In addition to an increase in the frequency, duration, or intensity of the unreinforced behavior during an extinction burst, _____________________ may also occur. a. the occurrence of novel behaviors b. aggressive behavior c. emotional behaviors d. all of these ANSWER: d 19. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an extinction burst? a. unreinforced behavior may briefly increase b. emotional responses may occur c. behavior becomes resistant to reinforcement

d. novel behaviors may occur ANSWER: c 20. Extinction of a positively reinforced behavior involves removal of the _________ following the behavior: a. behavior b. aversive stimulus c. positive reinforcer d. A and C ANSWER: c 21. Randy stopped putting money into a candy machine because he stopped getting candy out. After a couple months Randy put money into the candy machine again, but when no candy came out, he stopped putting money in. Randy’s behavior of putting money into the candy machine after a couple months is an example of: a. punishment b. spontaneous recovery c. delayed extinction d. reinforcement ANSWER: b 22. When a behavior occurs again after it had not occurred for some time due to extinction, the process is called a. operant behavior b. extinction burst c. resurgence d. spontaneous recovery ANSWER: d 23. Extinction of a negatively reinforced behavior involves continuation of the _______ following the behavior. a. aversive stimulus b. reinforcer c. conditioned stimulus d. negative stimulus ANSWER: a 24. In order to extinguish a negatively reinforced behavior, the ____________ is no longer removed or avoided following the behavior. a. aversive stimulus b. positive reinforcer c. reinforcer d. prompt ANSWER: a 25. Whenever Matt is told to run laps during basketball practice, he complains to the coach that he is too tired in order to get out of running. The coach starts making him run the laps anyway, and eventually Matt stops complaining about being

too tired when he is told to run. This is an example of: a. extinction of a negatively reinforced behavior b. spontaneous recovery c. extinction of a positively reinforced behavior d. punishment ANSWER: a 26. Robert dances in the end zone whenever he scores a touchdown, because the fans give him a standing ovation for doing so. When the fans no longer give him a standing ovation for his dancing, Robert stops dancing in the end zone. This is an example of: a. punishment b. extinction of a negatively reinforced behavior c. a latency period d. extinction of a positively reinforced behavior ANSWER: d 27. A common misconception people have about extinction, is that it: a. means ignoring the behavior b. increases the behavior c. is the same as reinforcement d. decreases the behavior ANSWER: a 28. Ignoring the behavior amounts to extinction only when the behavior is: a. occurring excessively b. negatively reinforced c. reinforced by attention d. not severe ANSWER: c 29. Which of the following factors influence the extinction process? a. punishment prior to extinction b. reinforcement after extinction c. A and B d. none of these ANSWER: b 30. Which of the following factors does NOT influence the extinction process? a. the schedule of reinforcement before extinction b. reinforcement after extinction c. the frequency of the behavior d. B and C

ANSWER: c 31. In comparison with a behavior that has been intermittently reinforced, a behavior that has been continuously reinforced will ____________ when reinforcement is stopped. a. decrease more rapidly b. decrease at the same rate c. decrease more slowly d. remain at about the same level ANSWER: a 32. In comparison to a behavior that has been continuously reinforced, a behavior that has been intermittently reinforced will _____________ when reinforcement is stopped a. decrease more rapidly b. decrease at the same rate c. decrease more slowly d. remain at about the same level ANSWER: c 33. Greg shakes the apple tree to get an apple to fall for him to eat. Now when he shakes the tree, no apples fall so he runs into the tree with his shoulder to get an apple to fall. Running into the tree with his shoulder is an example of: a. an extinction burst b. spontaneous recovery c. resistance to extinction d. an establishing operation ANSWER: a 34. If reinforcement for the behavior occurs during the process of extinction, the behavior will: a. decrease more rapidly b. be unaffected by the reinforcement c. decrease less rapidly d. immediately become extinguished ANSWER: c 35. Which of the following processes weakens operant behavior? a. negative reinforcement b. extinction c. positive reinforcement d. respondent conditioning ANSWER: b 36. Bobby’s parents used extinction to get him to stop crying when he had to eat vegetables, by making him eat vegetables despite his crying. One night Bobby has a babysitter, and she does not make him eat his vegetables when he starts crying. As a result, Bobby’s behavior of crying when told to eat vegetables: a. has not been reinforced

b. has been intermittently reinforced c. has been continuously reinforced d. A and B ANSWER: b 37. Extinction works best when: a. it follows continuous reinforcement b. it follows intermittent reinforcement c. reinforcement occurs during extinction d. A and C ANSWER: a 38. Extinction will be least effective when: a. it follows continuous reinforcement b. it follows intermittent reinforcement c. reinforcement occurs after extinction d. B and C ANSWER: d 39. When the behavior occurs, the reinforcer is no longer delivered. This is a definition of extinction of: a. negatively reinforced behavior b. an intermittently reinforced behavior c. a positively reinforced behavior d. a continuously reinforced behavior ANSWER: c 40. When the behavior occurs, the aversive stimulus is no longer removed. This is a definition of extinction of: a. negatively reinforced behavior b. an intermittently reinforced behavior c. a positively reinforced behavior d. a continuously reinforced behavior ANSWER: a Completion 41. In extinction, the __________________ is eliminated following the occurrence of the behavior. ANSWER: reinforce r 42. When a behavior is no longer reinforced, the behavior _______________________ in the future. ANSWER: decreases, stops

43. During an extinction burst, the unreinforced behavior may temporarily increase in ____________, ____________, or _____________. ANSWER: frequency, duration, intensity (any order) 44. In extinction of a behavior that was positively reinforced, the _____________________ is no longer delivered following the behavior. ANSWER: positive reinforcer 45. In extinction of a negatively reinforced behavior, the _____________________ is no longer removed following the behavior. ANSWER: aversive stimulus 46. When extinction begins and the behavior temporarily increases in frequency, duration, or intensity, this phenomenon is called a(n) _____________________________. ANSWER: extinction burst 47. ___________________________ is the name of the phenomenon that happens when the behavior occurs again in the future after it had been eliminated with extinction. ANSWER: spontaneous recovery 48. A common misconception is that extinction simply means ____________________ the behavior. ANSWER: ignoring 49. ____________________ reinforcement prior to extinction makes the behavior more resistant to extinction. ANSWER: intermitten t 50. ____________________ reinforcement prior to extinction makes the behavior less resistant to extinction. ANSWER: continuous Subjective Short Answer 51. Define spontaneous recovery following extinction. ANSWER Spontaneous recovery occurs after extinction has decreased in a behavior. It is the : natural tendency for the behavior to occur again in situations that are similar to situations in which the behavior occurred prior to extinction. 52. Define extinction (be sure to include all three components of the definition). ANSWER Extinction occurs when a behavior which has been previously reinforced no longer : results in reinforcing consequences and, therefore, the behavior stops occurring in the future. 53. What are three things that may happen during an extinction burst? ANSWER An extinction burst is when an unreinforced behavior temporarily increases in : frequency, duration, or intensity during the extinction process. An extinction burst may also involve an increase in novel behavior and an increase in emotional behavior or

aggressive behavior. 54. A child cries at the grocery store and the parent gives the child candy. As a result, the child frequently cries at the store. (a) What is the reinforcer for the child’s behavior of crying at the store? (b) How would the parent use extinction for the child’s behavior of crying in the store? ANSWER (a) Candy; (b) When the child cries in the grocery store, the parent will not give the : child candy. 55. What are the two factors that influence extinction? ANSWER The two factors that influence extinction are the reinforcement schedule prior to : extinction and the occurrence of reinforcement after extinction....