Chapter 5 Study Guide PDF

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Chapter 5 Study Guide: Listening Actively Hearing- occurs when sound wave vibrations travel along acoustic nerves to your brain. *you learn how to listen before you are born * listening can be improved 5 STEPS TO PROCESS LISTENING- RAURR 1. Receiving – seeing and hearing (noise pollution can cause hearing impairment) a. Noise pollution- loud music, construction outside etc b. 40% of college students have a hearing problem 2. Attending- devoting attention to the information you’ve received a. Salience is a factor b. Limiting multitasking online improves attention i. “ What do I want to hear, what do I need/want to listen to?” c. Evaluating your attention improves it. d. Mental bracketing- systematically putting aside irrelevant thoughts to get attention back; drinking water, get blood sugar high, taking notes, getting enough sleep etc. 3. Understanding- interpreting meaning a. New information is housed in your short term memory compares against your long term goals. b. Schemnana is in our long term memory c. short term memory- put things there until we find a new place to find it. 4. Responding- conveying your attention and understanding after someone shares a. Feedback is given while others talk b. Back-channel cues signal you’ve paid attention and understand specifics. i. Ex) saying “yeah uh huh” when you think youre listening when you aren’t really. c. Paraphrasing- summarizing others comments after they’ve finished talking 5. Recalling- remembering info a. Mnemonics: devices that aid memory i. Ex) PEMDAS now everyone remembers how to solve equations for along time b. Bizarreness effect: Unusual information is more easily readily recalled. i. How I remembered my dads license plate because its PAL 20C THE FIVE FUNCTIONS OF LISTENING 1. Listening to comprehend- you really understand the concept a. Ex) in a class room-listening to the content 2. Listening to discern- listening carefully to understand specific sounds a. Could be a musician, a nurse, a doctor

3. Listening to analyze- listening and then judging the thing; judges on American idol, a music teacher etc. 4. Listening to appreciate- goal is simply to enjoy the sounds and sights you’re experiencing and then to respond by expressing your appreciation a. Listening to something for the pure action of enjoying i. Ex) a concert, talking to someone b/c you like hearing their voice 5. Listening to support- you must suspend judgment- taking in what someone else says without evaluating it and openly expressing empathy a. Listening to them to support, give back feedback ADAPTING YOUR LISTENING PURPOSE Active listening- Adapting your listening according to the situation in order to be a competent listener. UNDERSTANDING LISTENING STYLES Culture and Gender affect listening styles  Ex) When a guy is listening to you, they usually offer help to solve the problem (gender)  Ex) In Cambodia people are very quiet listeners, they wont interrupt. FOUR LISTENING STYLES Listening style- your habitual pattern of listening behaviors If you are a competent listener you know how to balance each four of the styles according to the situation  

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Action-oriented listeners- listen in order to get to give an action/solution to the problem Time-oriented listeners- have a certain deadline to listen to the speaker talking o ex) professors “walk with me I only have 3 minutes” People-oriented listeners- care about the person rather then the content or time o Ex) concerned about other peoples problems, want to know the whole complete history/problem Content-oriented listeners- want to hear the facts/ what is the content of it o Very fact based o Statistics o Just interested in the content

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN LISTENING STYLES

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Women are more likely to use people oriented and content oriented styles o Women like it when people use people oriented/content styles Men are more likely to use time-oriented and action-oriented styles. o Mostly men ^

CULTURE AND LISTENING STYLES Effective listening varies across cultures.  America- time & action oriented listening styles dominate o Individualistic cultures like America o Live by “time=money”  In collective cultures- people and content oriented listening dominate o Collectivistic= more people oriented/content oriented PREVENTING INCOMPETENT LISTENING Five incompetent types of listening: 1. Selective listening- taking in only those bits and pieces of information that are immediately salient and dismissing the rest a. Usually caused by attention, not being focused on one thing 2. Eavesdropping- intentionally and systematically setting up situations so you can listen to private conversations a. Considered inappropriate and un-effective in communication b. Only if you set the situation up to listen to someone c. If it is by accident and you hear something it is not eavesdropping d. Has to be systematical and set up e. What is an incompetent way of listening? Eavesdropping f. If youre at the supermarket and hear a convo, it is NOT eavesdropping b/c it was not set up 3. Pseudo-listening- behaving as if you’re paying attention though you’ve really not a. Saying “yeah-uh huh” and acting like your listening even though you aren’t b. Considered incompetent and inappropriate 4. Aggressive listening – (aka ambushing) is attending to others solely to find an opportunity to attack them a. Pretend like your actively listening but waiting for a cue to attack the person or get your point across. i. Lets the person speak and waiting to find a cue to turn the situation around and attack the other person. b. Provocateurs- people who post messages designed to annoy others (called trolls) 5. Narcissistic listening- is self-absorbed listening: the perpetrator ignores what others say and redirects the conversation to him or herself

a. If you’re listening to someone but completely puts the convo back on them b. Making a competition/sound better then the other person i. Ex) my boyfriend does this Someone responds “your boyfriend might lie but my boyfriend is amazing” *always putting the convo back to themselves...