Chapter 5 The Integumentary System Study Guide PDF

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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System Study Guide An Introduction to the Integumentary System 1) The integumentary system is our body’s ____________ line of defense against an often-hostile environment. 2) List the two components that comprise cutaneous membrane (skin), and one layer that is deep to the dermis. 3) List the four accessory structures of the integumentary system. Section 5-1 The epidermis is a protective covering composed of layers with various functions 1) What classification of epithelia is the epidermis (Hint: See Table 4-1 Classifying Epithelia) 2) Name the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial for both thick and thin skin. 3) Which layer of the epidermis is only found in “thick” skin? 4) Where on the body would you find the stratum lucidum? 5) What is the purpose of hemidesmosomes, epidermal ridges, and dermal papillae? 6) The stratum basale contains basal cells. What are basal cells? 7) Which epidermal layer contains tactile discs which are comprised of Merkle cells with a sensory nerve ending? 8) Which epidermal layer contains melanocytes? 9) Which epidermal layer contains immune called dendritic cells, also known as Langerhans cells? 10) _____________ produce the proteins keratin and keratohyalin. 11) Which epidermal layer is the thickest? 12) Epidermal ridge patterns are the basis of ____________. 13) What is the difference between insensible vs. sensible perspiration? 14) ____________________ is a peptide that has widespread on epithelia found throughout the body. Section 5-2 The dermis is the tissue layer that supports the epidermis 1) The dermis is composed of the superficial _________ layer and the deeper ____________ layer. ( Hint: you can remember this because the “P” in “papillary”, comes before “R” in “reticular” alphabetically) 2) ____________ is a very painful inflammation of the skin that primarily involves the papillary layer of the dermis. 3) The papillary layer is made of __________ tissue and the reticular layer is made of __________ tissue. 4) Which two types of fibers give the dermis strength and elasticity? 5) You pinch the skin on a patient’s hand and notice that it remains peaked. What does this suggest? 6) Is there a greater chance of scarring if you make a cut parallel to or at right angles to a tension (cleavage) line? 7) The dermal blood supply consists of branching arteries that form two networks called the ___________ and the ___________. Section 5-3 The subcutaneous layer connects the dermis to the underlying tissues 1) The hypodermis lies ___________ to the reticular layer of the dermis and is primarily composed of __________ tissue. 2) Excessive abdominal fat called central adiposity is strongly correlated with which disease?

Section 5-4 Epidermal pigmentation and dermal circulation influence skin color 1) Two epidermal pigments that contribute to skin color are __________ and __________. 2) The differences in skin pigmentation among individuals do NOT reflect different numbers of ______________, but rather different levels of ____________ synthesis. 3) A deficiency or absence of melanin production leads to a disorder known as ____________. ( Note: the individual has melanocytes, but they cannot produce melanin) 4) How do melanocytes respond to ultraviolet light exposure? 5) Carotene obtained from orange-colored vegetables not only plays a role in skin color, but also can be converted to vitamin ____. 6) Besides melanin and carotene, what other factor determines skin’s coloration? 7) Several conditions can produce effects on skin coloration and pigmentation. What changes in the skin would occur for the following:  Cyanosis  Jaundice  Tumor of the pituitary gland  Addison’s disease  Vitiligo Section 5-5 Sunlight causes epidermal cells to convert a steroid into vitamin D 3 1) Which vitamin also known as cholecalciferol is produced by preferable limited exposure to UV radiation from sunlight? 2) The liver converts cholecalciferol into intermediary products used by the kidneys to produce the hormone calcitriol. What is the function of calcitriol? 3) ___________ is a disease defined by vitamin D3 deficiency resulting in abnormally weak and flexible bones. 4) Use the information in the Clinical Note Skin Cancer to answer the following questions: (a-d) a) A precancerous scaly area on the skin is called ___________. b) List three types of skin cancer. Which is the most dangerous form? c) What do the letters in the mnemonic “ABCDE” stand for? d) Which type of skin cancer is being checked for by using the ABCDE mnemonic? Section 5-6 Hair is made of keratinized dead cells pushed to the skin surface where it has protecting and insulating roles 1) Which structural protein is found in hair? 2) A ___________ plexus of sensory nerves surrounds the base of each hair follicle. 3) “Goose bumps” are caused by the action of ___________ muscles. 4) The hair is composed of three layers called the ___________, ___________, and __________. 5) Hair production begins at the base of the hair follicle called the __________. 6) Basal cells of the ___________ divide, producing daughter cells that are gradually pushed toward the surface. 7) What is the major cause of male pattern baldness? 8) What is the difference between vellus vs. terminal hairs. 9) Use the information in the Clinical Note Decubitus Ulcers to answer the following question: Q) ___________ are also known as bedsores.

Section 5-7 Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are exocrine glands found in the skin 1) __________ glands produce sebum. 2) Sebaceous glands are _______ glands characterized by the rupturing of the secretory cells. 3) __________ sweat glands begin secreting at puberty and bacterial metabolism of their secretions causes body odor. 4) __________ sweat glands are responsible for sensible perspiration. 5) List three functions of eccrine sweat glands. 6) What is cerumen and which glands produce it? Section 5-8 Nails are keratinized epidermal cells that protect the tips of fingers and toes 1) Which structural protein is found in nails? 2) What term is used to describe the thickened stratum corneum underlying the free nail edge? 3) Where does nail growth occur? Section 5-9 After an injury, the integument is repaired in several phases 1) List the four phases of integument repair and briefly describe each. 2) If scar tissue continues beyond the requirements of tissue repair a raised area of scar tissue called a __________ is formed. 3) What layer of the integument must be reached for a tattoo to remain permanently? 4) Use the information the Clinical Note Burns and Grafts to answer the following questions (a-d) a) Which type of burns affect the surface of the epidermis and include most sunburns? b) Blistering, pain, and swelling are characteristic of _______________ burns. c) Full thickness burns, also called ___________ burns, are treated using _____________. d) List three functions that are affected by burns that cover more than 20% of skin. Section 5-10 Effects of aging on the skin include thinning, wrinkling, and reduced melanocyte activity 1) In the elderly, a 50% decrease of ___________ cells in the epidermis may reduce the sensitivity of the immune system and encourage skin damage and infection....