Chapter 5 PDF

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Chapter 5 Test bank M&P...

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Exam Name___________________________________

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Figure 5.1

Using Figure 5.1, match the following: 1) Site of the dermal ridges that produce epidermal ridges on the epidermal surfaces of the fingers. Answer: E 2) Responsible for shock absorption and located in the hypodermis. Answer: B 3) Pulls the hair follicle into an upright position. Answer: A

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4) Sudoriferous gland. Answer: C 5) Dense irregularly arranged, fibrous connective tissue. Answer: D 6) Region that thickens markedly when one gains weight. Answer: B 7) Where capillary loops are found. Answer: E MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.

Match the following: 8) The most abundant cells of the epidermis. Answer: E 9) Spider- shaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin. Answer: D 10) Cells plus a disc- like sensory nerve ending that functions as a sensory receptor for touch.

A) Merkel cells B) Dendritic cells C) Keratin D) Melanocyte E) Keratinocytes

Answer: A 11) Skin macrophages that help activate the immune system. Answer: B 12) The fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis its protective properties. Answer: C Match the following: 13) The layer of the epidermis where the cells are considered protective but nonviable.

A) Stratum corneum

Answer: A

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14) The layer of the epidermis that is several layers thick and contains pre- keratin.

A) Stratum spinosum B) Stratum granulosum

Answer: A 15) The layer that contains the mitotic viable cells of the epidermis.

C) Stratum basale

Answer: C 16) The layer of the epidermis that contains one to five layers of flattened cells and deteriorating organelles. Answer: B Match the following: 17) May indicate embarrassment, fever, hypertension, inflammation, anger, or allergy.

A) Addison's disease B) Erythema

Answer: B C) Pallor 18) May indicate fear, anemia, or low blood pressure.

D) Jaundice

Answer: C 19) Usually indicates a liver disorder.

E) Cyanosis

Answer: D 20) Appearance of a permanent tan; bronzing. Answer: A 21) A bluish color in light- skinned individuals. Answer: E

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SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Figure 5.2

Using Figure 5.2, match the following: 22) Hypodermis. Answer: D 23) Epidermis. Answer: A 24) Reticular layer of the dermis. Answer: C 25) Papillary layer of the dermis. Answer: B TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

26) The eccrine sweat glands are not the primary gland involved in thermoregulation. Answer:

True

False

27) The dense fibrous connective tissue portion of the skin is located in the reticular region of the dermis. Answer:

True

False

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28) The protein found in large amounts in the superficial layer of epidermal cells is keratin. Answer:

True

False

29) Joe just burned himself on a hot pot, and the burn is quite painful. Joe's burn would best be described as a third- degree burn. Answer:

True

False

30) The reason that the nail bed appears pink is the presence of a large number of melanocytes in the underlying dermis. Answer:

True

False

31) During the regressive phase of hair growth, the matrix is inactive and the follicle atrophies. Answer:

True

False

32) The skin cancer most likely to metastasize is cancer of the melanocytes. Answer:

True

False

33) The skin is not able to receive stimuli because the cells of the epidermis are not living and therefore there are no sensory receptors in the skin. Answer:

True

False

34) The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve fibers while the epidermis does not. Answer:

True

False

35) For a doctor, simply looking at a patient's skin can help towards making a diagnosis. Answer:

True

False

36) When an individual is exposed to extremely cold air the dermal blood vessels will dilate so that more blood wil be brought closer to the outside surface of the skin. Answer:

True

False

37) Regardless of race, all human beings have about the same number of melanocytes. Answer:

True

False

38) Cells in the stratum corneum undergo mitosis to keep the layer thick and protective. Answer:

True

False

39) The pinkish hue of individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated hemoglobin (contained in red blood cells) circulating in the dermal capillaries and reflecting through the epidermis. Answer:

True

False

40) When a patient is said to have "third- degree burns," this indicates that the patient has burns that cover approximately one- third or more of the body. Answer:

True

False

41) Thick skin has a more extensive dermal layer than thin skin. Answer:

True

False

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42) The action of the arrector pili muscle is very similar in humans as it is in other mammals but its beneficial functions differ. Answer:

True

False

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

43) Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer. A) Most tumors that arise on the skin are malignant. B) Basal cell carcinomas are the least common but most malignant. C) Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing. D) Squamous cell carcinomas arise from the stratum corneum. Answer: C 44) A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order? A) corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale B) basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum C) granulosum, basale, spinosum, corneum D) basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum Answer: A 45) The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) cortex B) external root sheath C) cuticle D) medulla Answer: B 46) The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________. A) genetics B) use of farm chemicals C) overexposure to UV radiation D) race Answer: C 47) A splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured? A) lucidum B) basale C) spinosum D) granulosum Answer: B 48) Which of the following is a skin sensory receptor for touch? A) Pacinian corpuscle B) Ruffini body C) free nerve ending

D) tactile cells

Answer: D 49) Which statement correctly explains why hair appears the way it does? A) Gray hair is the result of hormonal action altering the chemical composition of melanin. B) Perfectly round hair shafts result in wavy hair. C) Air bubbles in the hair shaft cause straight hair. D) Kinky hair has flat, ribbonlike hair shafts. Answer: D

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50) The function of the root hair plexus is to ________. A) allow the hair to assist in touch sensation B) cause apocrine gland secretion into the hair follicle C) serve as a source for new epidermal cells for hair growth after the resting stage has passed D) bind the hair root to the dermis Answer: A 51) Which of the following glands secrete sebum, an oily like substance? A) merocrine glands B) eccrine glands C) apocrine glands

D) sebaceous glands

Answer: D 52) The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that ________. A) the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus B) it is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock C) it has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb more shock D) the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber Answer: D 53) Which type of skin cancer is the most dangerous because it is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy? A) melanoma B) squamous cell carcinoma C) adenoma D) basal cell carcinoma Answer: A 54) Which of the following cells and their function are correctly matched? A) dendritic cells – activate the immune system B) melanocytes – protects cells in the stratum corneum from damaging effects of sun's rays C) keratinocytes – provide sense of touch and pressure D) tactile cells – protection Answer: A 55) Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes ________. A) provide the melanocyte with nutrients necessary for melanin synthesis B) maintain the appropriate temperature so the product of the melanocyte will not denature C) accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV- blocking pigment layer D) maintain the appropriate pH in order for the melanocyte to synthesize melanin granules Answer: C 56) The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well- being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement? A) stratum granulosum B) stratum basale C) stratum corneum D) stratum lucidum Answer: B

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57) Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well- being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin? A) Glycolipids that are secreted by keratinocytes into extracellular spaces. B) The dermis is the thickest portion of the skin and water cannot pass through it. C) Fat associated with skin prevents water loss. D) The size and shape of the cells that make up the stratum spinosum, as well as the thick bundles of intermediate filaments. Answer: A 58) The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis? A) osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and epithelial cells B) goblet cells, parietal cells, and chondrocytes C) monocytes, reticulocytes, and osteocytes D) fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells Answer: D 59) The dermis has two major layers. Which layer constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin? A) the reticular layer B) the hypodermal layer C) the subcutaneous layer D) the papillary layer Answer: A 60) Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been previously stretched and/or torn? A) There is an episode of acute pain due to the large number of tactile corpuscles. B) The stretching causes the tension lines to disappear. C) The blood vessels in the dermis rupture and the blood passes through the tissue, causing permanent "black- and- blue marks." D) The appearance of visible, silvery- white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis. Answer: D 61) The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of loosely packed connective tissue with numerous peg- like projections that provide a great deal of surface area connecting the dermis to the epidermis. Which of the statements below do NOT represent benefits provided by the papillary layer's anatomy? A) The spaces in the connective tissue allow many small blood vessels to deliver nutrients and pick up waste diffusing from the superficial epidermal layers. B) The high surface area allows for a stronger connection of dermis to epidermis. C) The looseness allows for easy separation of the dead cell layer of epidermis to be shed. D) The looseness allows for phagocytes to roam through the tissue and search for infection. Answer: C 62) The friction ridges seen in finger, palm and foot prints are different among various people but very similar between identical twins. This evidence suggests which of the following? A) That friction ridges are genetically determined. B) That friction ridges change over time. C) That friction ridges aid in griping. D) That friction ridges allow for better tactile sensation. Answer: A

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63) Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage? A) Carotene, which accumulates in the stratum corneum and hypodermal adipose tissue, is synthesized in large amounts in the presence of sunlight. B) Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen. C) The skin is protected by increasing the number of epidermal dendritic cells, which help to activate the immune system. D) The skin is protected by the synthesis of three pigments that contribute to the skin's color. Answer: B 64) Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following would indicate a liver disease such as hepatitis resulting in elevated bilirubin? A) Black- and- blue marks become evident for no apparent cause. B) The skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance. C) The skin and sclera of the eyes appears to have an abnormal, yellowish tint. D) It is impossible to suggest Addison's disease from an inspection of a person's skin. Answer: C 65) A dendritic or Langerhans cell is a specialized ________. A) squamous epithelial cell C) nerve cell

B) melanocyte D) phagocytic cell

Answer: D 66) What are the most important factors influencing hair growth? A) the size and number of hair follicles B) age and glandular products C) nutrition and hormones D) sex and hormones Answer: C 67) Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands? A) eccrine and apocrine B) holocrine and mammary C) sebaceous and merocrine D) mammary and ceruminous Answer: A 68) The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is ________. A) primarily uric acid B) fatty substances, proteins, antibodies, and trace amounts of minerals and vitamins C) 99% water, sodium chloride, trace amounts of wastes, and vitamin C D) metabolic wastes Answer: C 69) Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body? A) in the axillary and anogenital area B) in all body regions and buried deep in the dermis C) in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet D) beneath the flexure lines in the body Answer: A

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70) The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated ________. A) by high temperatures B) as a protective coating when one is swimming C) when the air temperature drops D) by hormones, especially androgens Answer: D 71) In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin? A) The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy. B) It absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases. C) It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism. D) It aids in the transport of materials throughout the body. Answer: C 72) Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss? A) by observing the tissues that are usually moist B) by measuring urinary output and fluid intake C) by using the "rule of nines" D) through blood analysis Answer: C 73) Which layer of tissue is damaged in a first- degree burn? A) hypodermis C) dermis

B) epidermis D) both the epidermis and dermis

Answer: B 74) Eyebrow hairs are always shorter than hairs on your head because ________. A) they grow much slower B) hormones in the eyebrow follicle switch the growth off after it has reached a predetermined length C) the vascular supply of the eyebrow follicle is one- tenth that of the head hair follicle D) eyebrow follicles are only active for a few months Answer: D 75) Cells of the stratum spinosum have many interlocking desmosomes that will remain between the cells as they migrate to the stratum corneum. These cell junctions serve the body by ________. A) allowing secretions like sweat or sebum to pass through B) stopping water loss and preventing dehydration C) preventing mechanical stress or trauma from damaging the epidermis D) preventing ultraviolet light from penetrating the deeper layers of the epidermis Answer: C 76) Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback? A) Production of vitamin D initiated by the suns UV light striking the skin. B) Formation of cerumen wax to deter insects from entering the ear. C) Thickening of epidermis to form a callus in places where the skin is exposed to friction. D) Changes in the response of the hair follicle to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Answer: C

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77) Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback? A) Release of chemical signals by keratinocytes that have been damaged by UV light that will increase the production of melanin. B) Removal of nitrogenous compounds like urea within the sweat. C) The near waterproof secretions of glycolipids that is released by cells in the stratum granulosum. D) The secretion of antibacterial compounds in sebum. Answer: A 78) Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback? A) Release of sweat by eccrine glands in response to heat. B) An increase in sebum production in response to androgens (male sex hormones). C) Lack of pain in third- degree burns due to damage to sensory nerves in the dermis. D) Excretion of salts within the sweat. Answer: A 79) Which layer of skin is LEAST protected by melanin? A) stratum basale C) stratum spinosum

B) stratum granulosum D) stratum corneum

Answer: D 80) Which layer of the epidermis will be supplied with the highest levels of oxygen from the blood? A) stratum granulosum B) stratum spinosum C) stratum basale D) stratum corneum Answer: C 81) A patient has skin that is slightly blue in color. A likely treatment for this person might be ________. A) exposing the patient to more sunlight B) encouraging the patient to eat more orange colored vegetables (rich in beta carotene) C) giving the patient supplemental oxygen by mask D) increasing fluids through IV therapy Answer: C 82) The arrector pili muscle's predominate, useful function in humans is to ________. A) provide warmth by making the hair stand on end B) assist in the release sebum from nearby sebaceous glands C) stimulate faster hair growth D) prevent germs from entering the hair shaft Answer: B 83) Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the skin? A) Delivers important information about our environmental conditions to our brains. B) Gives the body its overall shape, loss of this function can be seen with the drooping of skin with age. C) Conducts endergonic metabolic chemical reactions using the suns energy to initiate vitamin D synthesis. D) Holds a portion of the bloods total volume to be shunted (diverted) to other organs when needed. Answer: B

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84) All of the following will help the skin to fight infection but one. Which of the following will have little effect on the skin's ability to fight infection? A) Greater production of keratinocytes resulting in more layers of the stratum corneum. B) Greater production of melanin. C) Increased secretions of defensins from skin cells. D) More tight junctions between keratinocytes of the stratum corneum. Answer: B 85) A light skinned person who is very cold may have a pale appearance. Which of the following is the b...