Chapter 6 [cna]-2 PDF

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chapter 6 cna notes...

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Chapter 6: Safety and Body mechanics Identify persons at greatest risk for accidents and describe accident prevention guidelines • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Staff members responsible for safety Elderly people have more safety concerns due to issues like dementia Walking aids, walkers, canes, boots put people at risk for falling Medications may cause dizziness Sense of sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste relay info about surroundings and help keep people safe People grow older: sensory loss, Sensitivity to heat and cold decrease Diseases cause diminished senses Diseases of circulatory and integumentary and paralysis reduce ability to feel Paralysis: loss of ability to move all or part of the body Stoke and brain spinal injuries affect sensation awareness of surroundings Loss of sensation can lead to burns or other accidents Drowsiness due to illness, lack of sleep, medications or depressed can cause lack of awareness Being in pain, visual, hearing problems may reduce awareness Many factors putting residents at risk Falls o Sudden uncontrollable descent from higher to lower level, with or without injury resulting o Majority of accidents o Caused by unsafe environment, loss of abelites, diseases, medication o Minor bruises to fractures and life threatening injuries o Fracture: broken bone o Hip fracture most common o Incident report must be completed o Clutter, throw rugs, cords, wet floors, uneven floors, poor lighting, clal lights out of reach o Personal conditions: medications, loss of vision, gait (walking) or balance problems, weakness, paralysis and disorientation: confusion about person, place, time o Guidelines: ▪ Clear walkways, use rugs with nonslip, have residents wear nonskid shoes, no long clothing's, personal items close to resident, answer light right away, clean spills, report loos handrails, mark uneven flooring, lock wheels and move footrest of chair and med, return bed to lower position after, get help moving resident if you cannot, leave furniture in same place you found it, know fall risk residents,

• Burns/scalds

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Burns: dry heat, wet heat or chemicals Small children older adults or loss of sensation are at greatest risk for burns Scalds: burns by hot liquid ▪ 5 seconds or less at 140 ▪ Coffee served at 160 Report frayed electrical equipment, know your about to set down hot liquid, pour hot drinks away from resident, sit down before giving them hot drink, monitor plate warmers

• Resident identification o o

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Must always be identified before giving care or serving food Check diet card with resident identification

Chocking o o o

May choke on own saliva Tounge can obstruct airway Thickened liquids easier to swallow

• Poisoning • Cuts/abrasions o o

Typically occur in the bathroom at a facility or in the kitchen or bathroom at home Abrasion: injury that rubs off the surface of the skin

List safety guidelines for oxygen use: • • • • • •

Oxygen therapy: administration of oxygen to increase the supply of oxygen to the lungs Increases availability of oxygen to the body tissues Na should never stop, adjust or administer oxygen Oxygen is a fire hazard Combustion: process of burning Remove all fire hazards and flammable things, no candles, lights matches, no extension cord, put electrical cords away, no nylon and wool, report nasal irritation, no Vaseline or Chapstick, learn how to turn oxygen off

Explain the Safety Data Sheet SDS • •

OSHA requires all hazardous chemicals have a safety data sheet Details chemical ingredients, chemical dangers, safe handling, and procedures

Define the term restraint and give reasons why restrains were used • •

Restraint: physical or chemical way to restrict voluntary movement or behavior Enabler: equipment or device that promotes a residents safety, comfort, independence, and mobility o Cannot remove enabler independently it is considered a restraint

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New laws restricting restraints unless medically necessary Problems: o Pressure injuries, suffocation, muscle atrophy, stress on heart, blood circulation, ect. Restraint alternatives: o Restraint free care: restraints are not kept or used for any reason o Restraint alternatives: measures used in place of a restraint or that reduce the need for a restraint ▪ Call lights within reach, improve lighting, ambulate resident when he is restless, provide activities, help with toileting, food and drink, decrease noise level, pads belts and chairs instead of restraint Guidelines if a restraint is ordered: o Know laws, follow instructions, check resident, document use o Monitored every 15 minutes and 2 hours restraint released and given proper care

Explain principles of body mechanics • • •

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Many have lift free policies due to back issues Body mechanics: way parts of body work together when a person moves Alignment o When the line is strait, body is in alignment o Can be standing, sitting, or lying down o Body should be in alignment and good posture o Posture: the way a person holds an depositions his body o Avoid twisting, keep object close to body, feet and body pointed in the direction moving Base of support o Foundation that supports an object o Feet are bodies base of support o Wider support, more stable Fulcrum and lever o Lever: moves an object by resting on a base of support called a fulcrum o Arm is lever and elbow is fulcrum o When a person lifts something, he can rest it against his forearm Center of gravity o COG in the body is the point where most weight is concentrated o Standing: pelvis o Bend knees when lifting object lower then pelvis o Assess situation, use arms and hands to lie, push or carry objects, place one foot in from of the other, bend your knees, upper body should stay upright and in alignment, never catch a falling resident,

Identify major causes of fire and list fire safety guidelines •

Heat, fuel, oxygen

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Some places allow smoking May use e cigs because they do not contain tobacco P: pull the pin, A aim at the base of the fire when spraying, S squeeze the handle, S sweep back and forth at the base of the fire R remove anyone in danger if you are not in danger, A activate alarm or call 911, C contain the fire if possible by closing all doors and windows, E extinguish the fire or the fire department will extinguish it, evacuate the area if instructed...