Chapter 6 launchpad PDF

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Chapter 6: 1. In a metabolic pathway, a series of animatic reactions catalyzes the conversion of molecule A to molecule E. several intermediate steps are involved in which the product of one reaction becomes the substrate for the next. The graph illustrates the changes of free energy that occur at each step in the pathway.

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The greatest change in free energy occurs when: a. C is converted to D b. A is converted to B c. B is converted to C d. D is converted to E Which of the reactions in the pathway is energetically different from the others? a. The reaction in which D is converted to E b. The reaction in which B is converted to C c. The reaction in which A is converted to B d. The reaction in which C is converted to D This pathway is a series of _____ reaction(s). a. Five b. One c. Two d. Three e. Four Overall, this _____ based on the changes in free energy that take place as A is converted to E. a. Is an anabolic pathway b. Pathway has four exergonic reactions c. Is a catabolic pathway d. Pathway has four endergonic reactions The reaction that converts C to D is: a. An exergonic reaction b. An anabolic reaction

2. Autotrophs typically obtain their carbon from: a. CO2 b. CH4 c. ATP d. C6H12O6 e. CH3OH 3. Animals such as cats, worms, and butterflies are classified as: a. Chemoheterotrophs b. Chemoautotrophs c. Photoautotrophs d. Photoheterotrophs 4. The potential energy in a molecule of ATP that is harnessed to do the work of the cell is held in part in the: a. The carbon-oxygen bonds of the sugar b. Repulsion of the phosphate groups from each other c. Carbon-carbon bonds of the sugar d. The carbon-nitrogen bonds of the base e. Repulsion of the sugar and the case 5. Which of the following reactions is MOST likely to be exergonic? a. The digestion of protein from food into amino acids b. The synthesis of a phospholipid from glycerol and fatty acids c. The formation of cellulose from individual glucose molecules d. The replication of DNA from free nucleotides 6. Does this observation violate the second law of thermodynamics? a. Yes b. No 7. Which of the following transformations would yield products with less entropy than the starting material? a. The conversion of RNA to nucleotides b. The conversion of salt crystals to ions in an aqueous solution c. The conversion of monosaccharides to starch d. The conversion of polypeptide to amino acids 8. What is the function of an enzyme? a. To decrease amount of energy needed to reach the transition state b. To both increase the rate of a specific reaction and decrease the amount of energy needed to reach the transition state c. To increase the rate of a specific reaction d. To alter the equilibrium of a specific reaction

9. Which of the following statements is a consequence of the first law of thermodynamics? a. The entropy of the starting materials for a reaction is always greater than the entropy of the products. b. The energy of the starting materials for a reaction equals the sum of the product energies plus energy released as heat and disorder. c. The amount of useable energy resulting from a reaction is always less than the total energy available in the starting materials. d. The entropy of the products of a reaction is always greater than the entropy of the starting materials. 10. Which one of the following statements about the formation of a peptide bond is INCORRECT? a. None of the answer options is correct b. The reaction is anabolic c. The reaction is endergonic d. The reaction is spontaneous e. The reaction has a positive ∆G 11. Which of the following statements is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics? a. The entropy of the starting materials for a reaction will always be greater than the entropy of the products b. The entropy of the products of a reaction will always be greater than the entropy of the starting materials c. The amount of useable energy resulting from a reaction will always be less than the total energy available in the starting materials d. The energy of the starting materials for a reaction will equal the sum of energies of the products plus energy released as heat and disorder 12. Which of the following statements is NOT one of the laws of thermodynamics? a. All cells arise from pre-existing cells b. The amount of energy in the universe is constant c. The energy available to do work decreases as energy is transformed from one form to another d. None of the other answer options is correct 13. Of the following choices, which ca be a product of a catabolic reaction? a. A complex carbohydrate like cellulose b. A nucleic acid like RNA c. A lipid like cholesterol d. An amino acid like tryptophan e. A motor protein like myosin

14. Anabolic pathways of metabolism are pathways that: a. Build complex molecules from simple ones b. Release stored chemical energy c. Make large quantities of ATP d. Take place primarily in skeletal muscle 15. Which one of the following is the MOST common energy “currency” for a cell? a. Protein b. ATP c. Glucose d. DNA e. NADH 16. The reactions in the pathways of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle break down glucose into smaller molecules. Therefore, these pathways: a. Involve the reduction of glucose and its metabolic intermediates b. Are anabolic pathways c. Take place in animals cells, but not in plant cells d. Are catabolic pathways...