Chapter 6 Long Term Memory Structure PDF

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Summary of Chapter 6: Long Term Memory Structure from Cognitive Psychology by Bruce Goldstein. For Professor Mariana Bernal's Cognitive Psychology Class. ASU 2022. With Pictures....

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Chapter 6: Long Term Memory Structure CP Lecture

Table of Contents 01 Comparing STM-LTM Processes 02 Episodic and Semantic Memory 03 Back to the Future 04 Procedural Memory, Priming, and Conditioning

Long-Term Memory

Although retaining information about the past is an important characteristic of LTM, we also need to understand how this information is used by focusing on the dynamic aspects of how LTM operates, including how it interacts with working memory to create our ongoing experience. The interplay between what is happening in the present and information from the past is based on the distanec between STM/WM and LTM Serial position curve: Memory is better for words that are at the beginning of the list than for words in the middle Primacy effect: Because no other words have been presented, the first word receives 100 percent of the participant’s attention. Longer rehearsal time for words at the beginning of the list Recency Effect: Most recently presented words are still in STM

Coding in STM and in LTM Coding refers to the form in which stimuli is presented Visual Coding in STM-LTM: In STM if you remembered the pattern by representing it visually in your mind. You also use visual coding LTM when you visualize a person or place from the past Auditory Coding in STM-LTM STM: Conrad’s demonstration of the phonological similarity effect. LTM: when you “play” a song in your head. Auditory coding is the predominant type of coding in STM Semantic Coding in STM: It’s easier to recall words from similar categories Semantic Coding in LTM: Measured recognition memory to determine whether they remembered the exact wording of sentences in the passage of just the general meaning of the passage

02 Episodic and Semantic Memory Distincitons between Episodic and Semantic Memory Episodic: Experiences

Semantic: Facts

The experince of episodic memory involves

The experience of semantic memory involves

mental time travel—the experience of

accessing knowledge about the world that does

traveling back in time to reconnect with

not have to be tied to remembering a personal

events that happened in the past. Tied to lymbic system, frontal lobe, etc.

experience. Temporal lobes, occipital lobes and other sensory areas.

Interactions Between Episodic and Semantic Memory Our knowledge (semantic memory) guides our experiences (attention), and this, in turn, influences how we experience events, shaping the episodic memories that will follow those events Autobiographical memory: Memory for specific expeeriences from our life, which can include both episodic and semantic components This means that experiences related to episodic meories can aid in accesssing semantic memories. When episodic memory is present, semantic memory for “facts” (like a person’s name) is enhanced. But when episodic memory is absent, this advantage created by personally relevant facts vanishes.

03 Back to the Future You can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards; so you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future” – Steve Jobs, 2005 There is evidence of a connection between the ability to remember the past and the ability to imagine the future Research doesn’t ask ho well we can predict the future but asks how well we can create possible scenarious about the future All the brain regions that were active while thinking about the apst we are also active while thinking about the future Episodic memories are extracted and recombined to construct simulations of the future

The brain has a hard time identifying what is pass and what is present Why is it important to be able to imagine the future? When the future becomes present, we need to be able to act effictively. Being able to imagine the future becomes very important. Research suggests that perhaps the main role of the episodic memory system is not to remember the past but to enable people to simulate possibe future scenarios in order to help anticipate future needs and guide future behavior

When mind wandering occurs, people are more likely to think about the future than about the past or the present. This has led some researchers to suggest that one of the reasons that the mind wanders is to help people plan for the future by helping create simulations of the future from our episodic memories.

04 Procedural Memory, Priming and Conditioning...