Chapter 7 PDF

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Exam Name___________________________________

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Figure 7.1

Using Figure 7.1, match the following: 1) Articulates with hip bones of the pelvis. Answer: D 2) Attach to ribs. Answer: B 3) Bears most of the weight. Answer: C

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4) Transvers foramina allow the passage of vertebral arteries. Answer: A 5) No canals or foramen present. Answer: E 6) Includes the atlas and the axis. Answer: A 7) Contains a pivot joint that allows you to rotate your head "no." Answer: A

Figure 7.2

Using Figure 7.2, match the following: 8) Anchor the pterygoid muscles. Answer: E 9) Passageway for optic nerve. Answer: A 10) Pituitary gland is suspended here. Answer: C

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11) Forms parts of the middle cranial fossa, dorsal walls of the orbits, and external walls of the skull. Answer: B 12) Allow cranial nerves that control eye movements to enter the orbit. Answer: D MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.

Match the following: 13) These very small bones are at the medial wall of each orbit and provides a groove for the tear ducts.

A) Maxillae B) Sphenoid

Answer: D C) Temporal bones 14) Failure of these anterior bones to fuse causes a condition known as cleft palate.

D) Lacrimal bones

Answer: D 15) This bone houses the apparatus of the internal and middle ear. Answer: C 16) This bone is wing- shaped and extends behind the eyes and forms part of the floor of the cranial vault. Answer: B 17) The bones that contain teeth. Answer: A 18) This bone has a passageway into the nasal cavity. Answer: D 19) The sella turcica is a portion of this bone. Answer: B

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Match the following: 20) The fingers have three of these bones and the thumb has only two. Answer: A 21) This bone articulates with the glenoid fossa.

A) Phalanges B) Humerus C) Radius

Answer: B 22) Forearm bone that articulates with most of the carpals. Answer: C Match the following: 23) This bone shapes the posterior wall of the pelvis. Answer: E 24) The fused rudimentary tailbone.

A) Atlas B) Coccyx C) Intervertebral disc

Answer: B D) Cervical vertebrae 25) The bone that articulates with the occipital condyles. Answer: A

E) Sacrum

26) These bones are the smallest and lightest vertebrae. Answer: D 27) Allows the head to nod "yes." Answer: A 28) A cushionlike shock absorber of two parts: a nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus. Answer: C Match the following: 29) Lambdoid suture.

A) Connects right and left parietal bones.

Answer: B B) Connects occipital and parietal bones. 30) Sagittal suture. Answer: A

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31) Squamosal suture.

A) Connects occipital and temporal bones

Answer: C B) Connects parietal and frontal bones 32) Coronal suture. Answer: B

C) Connects temporal and parietal bones

33) Occipitomastoid suture. Answer: A TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

34) The femur is the largest and strongest bone in the body. Answer:

True

False

35) All of the bones of the skull, except the mandible, are united by sutures and are therefore immovable. Answer:

True

False

36) The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bone by means of the sagittal suture. Answer:

True

False

37) The mastoid sinuses are located at a position in the skull where they are usually free from infections. Answer:

True

False

38) The vertebral column is held in place primarily by the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments. Answer:

True

False

39) Most of the body's weight is carried by the talus and calcaneus. Answer:

True

False

40) The most common site of fracture in the humerus is the surgical neck which is distal to the anatomical neck. Answer:

True

False

41) The shallow socket of the shoulder joint restricts dislocation of the humerus and is the main contributor to the stability of the joint. Answer:

True

False

42) Costal cartilages join most ribs to the sternum. Answer:

True

False

43) The tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra. Answer:

True

False

44) In women of childbearing age, the dimensions of the true pelvis are of utmost importance. Answer:

True

False

45) The term vertebrochondral ribs refers to the "false ribs," that attach to each other before they attach to the sternum Answer:

True

False

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46) In the anatomical position, the lateral forearm bone is the radius. Answer:

True

False

47) The vomer along with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the bony part of the nasal septum. Answer:

True

False

48) The temporal bone connects to the zygomatic bone via the temporal process of the temporal bone. Answer:

True

False

49) The lacrimal bone contains a groove that forms part of lacrimal fossa. Along with the soft tissue of the lacrimal sac, these structures drain tears from the eye into the nasal passage. Answer:

True

False

50) The largest and strongest bone of the face is the maxilla. Answer:

True

False

51) There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae. Answer:

True

False

52) Lordosis affects the thoracic vertebrae. Answer:

True

False

53) All vertebrae possess a body, a spine, and transverse foramina. Answer:

True

False

54) The dens articulates with the occipital bone. Answer:

True

False

55) The pituitary gland is housed in a saddle- like depression in the temporal bone called the sella turcica. Answer:

True

False

56) The ischium articulates with both the ilium and the pubis forming the acetabulum. Answer:

True

False

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

57) The bones in the skull have many different names but what are the boundaries of each bone? Where do they start and stop? A) Bones of the skull are separated by immobile joints called sutures. B) Boundaries for skull bones are seen only in the infant skull. C) The boundaries are indistinct and are simply vague generalized regions. D) Bones of the skull are continuous but named for their specific markings. Answer: A 58) Which of the following can be considered a function of the paranasal sinuses? A) Sinuses are often referred to as vestigial, anatomical features with no know function. B) The paranasal sinuses are passageways for nerves to pass through. C) Sinuses have rough patches that aid in muscle attachment. D) Sinuses take away a minimal amount of strength from bones while reducing the weight of bones. Answer: D 6

59) Which of the bones of the skull would you also refer to as a cheekbone? A) the parietal bone B) the occipital bone C) the temporal bone D) the zygomatic bone Answer: D 60) Which of the following would be most associated with housing the special sense organs? A) the bones of the inner ear B) the temporal bones C) the cranial bones D) hyoid bone Answer: B 61) Which of the following would be most associated with process of warming, humidifying, and filtering the air we inhale? A) the nasal cavity B) the bones comprising the orbits C) the cranial bones D) hyoid bone Answer: A 62) Which is the best description for the function of the cranial bones? A) provide passageways for respiratory gases to move into and out of the body B) protect the brain C) house the special sense organs D) allow introduction of food into the digestive system Answer: B 63) The sphenoid bone is sometimes referred to as a "key stone" of the skull. This is due to the fact that ________. A) the sphenoid is in the center of the skull and it articulates (joins) with all of the other bones of the skull (excluding the mandible) B) the intricate shape of the sphenoid makes it critical to the distinct characteristics of the individual human face C) the sphenoid bone is solid like a stone and provides the strength necessary to support the skull D) the sphenoid is wedged in the superior most portion of the skull and supports all of the other bones below (excluding the mandible) Answer: A 64) The sella turcica is part of the ________ bone and houses the ________ gland. A) sphenoid; thymus B) ethmoid; thymus C) ethmoid; pituitary D) sphenoid; pituitary Answer: D 65) The hypothalamus is a region of the brain controlling many aspects of the endocrine system. It works closely with the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is directly superior to the pituitary and is, therefore, ________. A) superior to the crista galli B) superior to the sella turcica C) inferior to the cribriform plate D) the only region of the brain that is outside of the skull Answer: B

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66) During concussion (a type of traumatic brain injury) the brain will move within the cranial cavity. Damage is caused to the brain as it crashes into parts of the bony cavity walls. Ironically one of the bone markings that can cause serious damage to the brain is the ________. This is ironic because one of the functions of this bone marking is to ________. A) perpendicular plate; separate the left and right halves of the nasal cavity B) pterygoid processes; anchor important chewing muscles C) crista galli; attach to the dura matter holding the brain in place D) styloid process; attach to and support the hyoid bone Answer: C 67) Curvatures of the spine serve the body by ________. A) providing space for soft organs in the various body cavities B) giving additional springiness and flexibility to the spine which absorbs shock C) applying greater pressure to the intervertebral disks preventing them from slipping D) limiting the flexibility of the spine and preventing hyperextension Answer: B 68) When looking at the range of motion of the various sections of the vertebral column the ________ has the most flexibility. A) cervical spine B) sacral spine C) lumbar spine D) thoracic spine Answer: A 69) The range of motion as well as the direction of motion for the various regions of the spine differs. For example, the lumbar spine is capable of flexion and extension but little rotational movement, while the thoracic spine rotates with little flexion or extension. This is due to variation in ________. A) the orientation of the superior and inferior articular facets B) the arrangement of muscular attachment to the spinous processes C) the thickness of the intervertebral disc D) the composition of the intervertebral disks Answer: A 70) The anatomy of the thoracic cage provides ridged support and protection but at the same time is also flexible and mobile. Of the list below, which feature does NOT aid in the flexibility and movement of the thoracic cage? A) the costal spaces occupied by costal muscle B) the costal cartilages C) the sternal angle D) the jugular notch Answer: D 71) The glenohumeral joint that articulates the humerus to the pectoral girdle is a highly mobile joint. This mobility comes at a cost because ________. A) the blood vessels that lead to the arm and hand can easily be cut off by the free range of motion B) these type of joints are harder to control and coordinate C) the joint is relatively unstable and can easily dislocate D) muscles that span this mobile joint will only provide a reduced amount of power Answer: C 72) From the list below, select the least likely explanation for the relatively high mobility of the arms. A) The clavicle articulates to the axial skeleton at only the sternal end. B) The relatively open glenoid cavity of the glenohumeral joint. C) The scapula does not articulate to the axial skeleton directly. D) The subscapular notch is a passageway for nerves. Answer: D 8

73) The proximal end of the ulna illustrates the relationship of form and function. The rounded trochlear notch articulates with the hourglass shape of the trochlea. This forms a joint that allows for ________. A) the hyper extension of the forearm B) the rotational motion of the forearm C) the curling of the fingers D) the hinge like motion of the forearm Answer: D 74) The proximal end of the radius illustrates the relationship of form and function. The cup- like surface of the radial head articulates with the rounded shape of the capitulum. This forms a joint that allows for ________. A) the hinge like motion of the forearm B) the curling of the fingers C) the rotational motion of the forearm D) the hyper extension of the forearm Answer: C 75) The axial skeleton includes ________. A) arms, legs, hands, and feet C) the skull, the scapula, and the vertebral column

B) the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage D) the skull, vertebral column, and pelvis

Answer: B 76) Which vertebra does NOT have a body? A) last lumbar B) atlas

C) last cervical

D) axis

Answer: B 77) The suture that is found where a parietal and temporal bone meet on the lateral aspect of the skull is ________. A) squamous B) sagittal C) coronal D) lambdoid Answer: A 78) The hyoid bone is unique because it ________. A) is composed of three bones joined together B) is the only irregular bone found in the neck C) is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone D) is the only bone formed by the fusion of right and left halves Answer: C 79) Along with support, the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column also acts to ________. A) hold the discs in place B) protect the spinal cord C) hold the spine erect D) prevent hyperextension of the spine Answer: D 80) What are the major functions of the intervertebral discs? A) to hold together the vertebra and support the body B) to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine C) to prevent hyperextension and allow rotation of the spine D) to remove curvatures of the spine and provide springiness to the spinal column Answer: B 81) Paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones? A) maxillae B) nasal conchae C) zygomatic bones Answer: A

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D) vomer

82) Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region? A) kyphosis B) swayback C) scoliosis D) lordosis Answer: C 83) Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body? A) the cervical region B) the lumbar region C) the sacral promontory D) the sacrum Answer: B 84) How many bones make up the adult skull? A) 22 B) 7

C) 5

D) 12

Answer: A 85) Thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have ________. A) transverse foramina B) no intervertebral discs C) costal facets D) no transverse processes Answer: C 86) What is the major function of the axial skeleton? A) provide an attachment point for muscles that allow movement B) provide central support for the body and protect internal organs C) provide a space for the major digestive organs D) give the body resilience Answer: B 87) The antebrachium is composed of which of the following two bones? A) the scapula and the clavicle B) the humerus and the clavicle C) the humerus and the radius D) the radius and the ulna Answer: D 88) The "true wrist" or carpus consists of ________. A) the phalanges B) the styloid processes of the radius and ulna C) the metacarpals D) a group of eight short bones united by ligaments Answer: D 89) Which bone is in direct contact with the first metatarsal? A) lateral cuneiform B) cuboid

C) calcaneus

D) medial cuneiform

C) temporal bone

D) palatine bone

Answer: D 90) Which bone forms the anterior cranium? A) frontal bone B) sphenoid bone Answer: A 91) The superior orbital fissure is formed in the sphenoid bone, whereas the inferior orbital fissure is formed between the sphenoid and ________. A) ethmoid B) maxilla C) palatine D) lacrimal Answer: B 10

92) Which of the following is the abnormal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy? A) hunchback B) scoliosis C) kyphosis D) lordosis Answer: D 93) How are thoracic vertebrae 11 and 12 different from the other vertebrae? A) The orientation of the articular processes is different from all the other thoracic vertebrae. B) The transverse processes do not have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs. C) The spinous processes are directed parallel with the centrum. D) There are two foramina on vertebrae 11 and 12. Answer: B 94) The superior nasal concha is a part of which bone? A) vomer B) sphenoid

C) ethmoid

D) maxilla

C) femur

D) pubis

C) femur

D) fibula

C) lateral malleolus

D) calcaneus

Answer: C 95) The pelvic girdle does NOT include the ________. A) ischium B) ilium Answer: C 96) Which of the following bones is NOT weight bearing? A) talus B) tibia Answer: D 97) Which portion of the fibula articulates with the talus? A) head B) medial malleolus Answer: C 98) Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum? A) crista galli B) cribriform plate C) perpendicular plate D) orbital plate Answer: C 99) Which of the following is NOT a movement that can occur between vertebrae? A) lateral flexion B) rotation C) supination D) flexion and extension Answer: C SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

100) The kneecap is called the ________. Answer: patella 101) The lateral condyle of the femur articulates with the lateral condyle of the ________. Answer: tibia 102) The medial condyle of the femur articulates with the medial condyle of the ________. Answer: tibia

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103) The largest foramen in the body is the ________ foramen. Answer: obturator 104) The smallest short bone in the hand is the ________. Answer: pisiform 105) The styloid process of the ________ points to the thumb. Answer: radius 106) Only the ________ vertebrae have transverse foramina. Answer: cervical 107) The ________ is the bone confined to the septum of the nose. Answer: vomer 108) Your "cheekbone" is mostly formed from the ________ bone. Answer: zygomatic 109) What structure is the "missing" body of the second cervical vertebrae? Answer: dens 110) What is the function of the lumbar curvature? Answer: It positions the weight of the trunk over the body's center of gravity, thus providing optimal balance when standing. 111) Which vertebral curvature abnormality is the most serious? Why? Answer: Scoliosis is the most serious abnormality, due to the pressure that can be placed on the lungs and resulting breathing difficulties. 112) What is the purpose of the vertebral curvatures? Answer: Their purpose is to increase the resilience and flexibility of the spine, allowing it to function like a spring rather than a rigid rod. 113) Why is the area just distal to the tubercles of the humerus called the surgical neck? Answer: This area is called the surgical neck because it is the most frequently fractured part of the humerus. 114) What are the fontanelles and what advantages do they confer on the fetus? The mother? Answer: The fontanelles are regions of unossified, fibrous membrane in the skull allowing the cranium to grow and yet allow b...