Chapter 8 [cna]-2 PDF

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Chapter 8: Human Needs and Human Development • • •

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Basic human needs Psychosocial needs: social interaction, emotions, intellect, spirituality Maslow’s hierarchy of needs o Physical needs o Safety and security o Love o Self esteem o Self-actualization Holistic care o Caring for the whole person o Physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs o Person centered care: focused around resident and promotes his or her individual preferences o Examples of holistic: talk to residents while taking a bath Promote independence Sexual orientation: persons physical, emotional, or romantic attraction to another person Gender identity: deeply felt sense of ones gender o Queer: a term used by some people to describe sexual orientation that is not exclusively heterosexual and who feel terms such as lesbian and gay are too limiting once considered a derogatory term, queer may not be accepted by everyone within the LGBT community Spiritual: means of, or relating to the spirit or soul Buddhism o Started in Asia o Teachings of siddhartha, gautama called buddha o Believe life is filled with suffering that is caused by desire and that suffering ends when desire ends o Meditation o Proper conduct and wisdom release a person from desire, suffering, and repeating sequence of births and deaths (reincarnation) o Nirvana is highest spiritual plane o State of peach and freedom from worry and pain o Tipitaka or pali canon is scripture o Dalai lama is highest leader Christianity o Jesus was son of god and died so their sins would be forgiven o Catholic or protestant o Many subgroups o Bible is sacred text Hinduism o India

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Four purposes of life, acting morally and ethically, pursuing prosperity, enjoying life, and accomplishing enlightenment Move through birth, life, death and rebirth Karma Respect all life, some vegetarians Never eat beef Follow ancient scriptures like vedas and upanishads Holy men called cadhus

o o o o o o Islams o Muslims, followers of Mohammed o Allah wants people to follow teachings of prophet Mohammed o 5 times a day pray facing mecca, holy city o Fast during month of Ramadan o Worship at mosques and do not drink alcohol or eat pork o Koran is text Judaism o God gave them laws through mosses in form of torah and laws should order their lives o Synagogues, o Yarmulke: cap o Dietary restrictions o Worth or drive on sabot which lasts from Friday sundown to Saturday sundown Native American o Spiritual traditions Agnostics: they do not know or cannot know if god exists. Do not deny there is a God but no true knowledge Atheists: people who believe there is no god Dietary restrictions o Buddhists: vegetarians o Christians: no meat of Fridays during lent o Jewish: kosher, no pork, lobster shrimp an shellfish o Mormons: no alcohol, coffee, tea, tobacco o Muslims: no pork, alcohol, fasting Activity o Increases risk of heart disease, releases anxiety, improving mood, body function, lowers risk of falls, improves sleep, ability to cope, energy, mental help Immobility o Loss of self esteem, depression, anxiety, boredom, pneumonia, uti, skin breakdown, constipation, blood clots OBRA requires facilities to provide an activities program Family o Nuclear family: two parents, one or more children o Single parent families

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o Married couples of same or opposite sex without children o Extended families o Blended families: divorced, remarried with other children Respond to residents' emotional problems: o Listen, offer support and encouragement, refer problem to nurse or social worker Human Growth o Infancy (birth to 12 months) o Total dependence to relative independence o Head down movement muscles ▪ Premature: babies born before 37 weeks ▪ Low birth weight babies: full term but weigh less ▪ Birth defects: physical or structural defect that affects an infant from birth ▪ Viral/bacterial infections ▪ Sudden infant death syndrome SIDS: babies stop breathing and die for no reason when sleeping, sleep on back to reduce this, more common with preemies, often wear apnea monitors, second hand smoke o Toddler ages 1-3 ▪ Gain independence, control over bodies ▪ Speak, gain coordination, control bowels ▪ Exploring, lock hazards away ▪ Learn they are individuals and separate from parents ▪ May try to control parents by throwing tantrums ▪ Key time to set rules and standards o Preschool 3-6 ▪ Develop skills that help them become more independent and social relationships, vocabulary, language skills, play in groups, become physically coordinated, care for themselves, develop ways to relating to family members, learn right from wrong o School ages 6-10 ▪ Development centered on cognitive and social development ▪ Explore world, relate through games, peer groups and classroom, behave in ways common among their gender, develop conscience, morals and self esteem ▪ Chickenpox: viral illness, vaccine ▪ Viral and bacterial infections ▪ Leukemia: cancer, inability of body's white blood cells to fight disease ▪ Measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, smallpox, whooping, polio, prevented with vaccines ▪ Abuse and neglect o Preadolescence 10-13 ▪ Self-identity with peers, social, opposite sex friendships may become more complicated,

Calm period, home and school, fears go away, trust adults, girls reach puberty o Adolescence 13-19 ▪ Sexually mature, hard time, fears of self-image, body image, socially and sexuality expressing themselves ▪ Anorexia, bulimia, STI, pregnancy, mental health, trauma (accidents/sports) o Young adulthood 19-40 ▪ Physical growth is completed, social and psychological development continues o Middle adulthood (40-65) ▪ Comfortable and stable ▪ Major decisions already made, midlife crisis ▪ Slight changes, menopause, diseases begin in these years o Late adulthood (65 and older) ▪ Aging, developmental tasks decrease, diseases Geriatrics: study of health, wellness, and disease later in life, includes healthcare of older people and well being of their care givers Gerontology: study of aging process in people from midlife through old age o Impact of aging population on society Ageism: prejudice toward, stereotyping of and discrimination against older persons or the elderly Not normal changes of aging: signs of depression, suicidal thoughts, loss of ability to think logically, poor nutrition, SOB, inc Developmental disabilities o Refers to disabilities that are present at birth or emerge during child hood o Chronic condition that restricts physical and or mental ability o Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, autism, intellectual disability o Intellectual disability ▪ Most common ▪ Neither a disease or mental illness ▪ Develop at a below average rate ▪ Difficulty learning, communication, moving, ability to care for themselves ▪ Mild, moderate, severe and profound ▪ Same emotional and physical needs as others o Down syndrome ▪ Trisomy 21 ▪ Abnormal cell division, extra chromosome ▪ Intellectual and physical symptoms ▪ Small skull, flat nose, , wider space between toes o Cerebral palsy ▪ Brain damage during birth or in uterus ▪ Physical and mental disabilities, muscle coordination and nerves, lack control of head, poor balance, stiff, limp, speech, mobility, intelligence ▪

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Spina bifida ▪ Split spine ▪ Backbone not well developed at birth, range of disabilities, walking hard, wheelchair, no bladder or bowel control, brain damage...