chapter 8: minerals and water PDF

Title	chapter 8: minerals and water
Author	Maria Gonzalez
Course	Fundamentals Of Nutrition
Institution	Brooklyn College
Pages	3
File Size	49.6 KB
File Type	PDF
Total Downloads	52
Total Views	167

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Summary

everything goes on the exam...

Description

Chapter 8: Minerals and Water Dietary Minerals:  Essential micronutrients  Classification  Major minerals  Trace minerals

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Major minerals: Calcium: Functions: Structural: bone and teeth mineralization Physiological: nerve signaling, blood pressure, blood clotting Calcium regulations: Low Blood Calcium: Parathyroid → PTH Kidneys ↑ Vitamin D activation ↑ Calcium absorption in Small Intestine ↓ Calcium excretion in urine ↑ Calcium released from bone Vitamin D and Calcium Homeostasis High blood Calcium: 1. Parathyroid → ↓PTH → ↓ activate vitamin D 2. Calcitonin (thyroid)

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Deficiency  Children: Rickets  Adults: Osteopenia Influences on Calcium Bioavailability  1. Vitamin D  2. Oxalates (e.g. spinach)  3. Phytates (whole grains, nuts, seeds, etc.)  4. Age AI/RDA for Calcium:  19-50 years: 1000mg daily Best Dietary Sources:  Dairy products Calcium Supplements  1. Calcium carbonate  Tale with (or just after) meals as stomach acid required for absorption  2. Calcium citrate  Can take without food (more acidic so easier to break down in stomach)  More bioavailable in persons with decreased stomach acid (elderly, on certain medications, etc.)

 Maximize calcium absorption:  1. Take with meals  2....