chapter one - rasley PDF

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rasley notes chapter one...

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Studying human sexuality  

Different than other studies o Ambivalence Approach o Try to be unbiased o Look at it scientifically

Sexuality in the Media  

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Media is powerful and heavily involved What the media Does portray and does NOT portray o e.g. real depictions, sexual activity, interracial dating o Social context The internet o Porn, hooking up/dating Music industry o Song lyrics, music videos o Research says increased exposure to very sexualized lyrics seems to have at least the potential to negatively impact adolescents regarding sexuality Magazines o Men's magazines  Research says men who read a lot of those magazines tend to report lower percentages of asking for consent and lower percentages of sticking with their partner's decisions o Women's magazines  Research shows females who read a lot of magazines are more likely to internalize the "thin ideal" of body image. Review of lab/everyday media exposure o Higher levels of:  Body dissatisfaction  Self-objectification  Judging on appearance  Support sexist beliefs  Tolerance of sexual violence toward women Experimental exposure o Lower view of women's competence, morality, humanity (depends on media exposure) o Men exposed to objectifying media tend to objectify their partners more Television o Sexualized women are often the dominant way women are portrayed Music videos o Objectify women

Video games o Women: unrealistically shaped, mouth sexy dialogue  Decreased since 2006 due to public objectification  Men: unrealistic, violent, destructive

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Portrayal of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people o Frequently defined by sexual orientation o Gay men: effeminate/closeted o Lesbians: super fem/super masc. o Queer: odd o Showing men kissing o Queerbating  Showing or hinting at a gay relationship when it isn't very prominent in actuality

Social networks o Identity – can be shown any way you want it to be o Positives and negatives o Online dating sites – much more common  Can shape sexual culture  Hard to be happy or satisfied with who you've chosen to go on a date with when you have so many other options  1/3 of marriages start online now, last longer and happier  Online sources can be good for sexuality o Good for adolescents who have embarrassing questions o Excessive use Sexting o o

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21% of single adults have sent, 28% received Problem: trafficking to unintended recipients  Sent to other people, blackmail o Women more likely to:  Send sexts  Feel pressured  Suffer negative consequences  Bullying, harassment, negatively labeled (stigmatized) Up to 20% of sexters coerced into sending Lots of sexual content online = demand for government regulations o 1996: communications decency act  Deemed a violation of freedom of speech

Sexuality and Culture  What we see as "natural" may be "unnatural" in other cultures! o Mehinaku: see kissing as gross and disgusting o Hindu tradition: sexuality is spiritual enlightenment o Jedeo-christian tradition: against god  Culture (powerfully) molds and shapes our sexual interests and behaviors  Sexual interests o Mangaia  All about sex and pleasure  Boy taught about masturbation and sex at age 7  Boys start learning and engaging in sex at age 13/14

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Girls around the same age are taught to be orgasmic Centered around female pleasure, mainly centered around adolescents Dani

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Very little interest in sex Happens, doesn't matter Only concern is reproduction o Victorian Americans  Women have no sexual desire, only reproductive desires  Sexual desire expressed and they are shamed  Men were seen as animalistic and uncontrollable o The Sexual Revolution 60s and 70s  People started to questions rules and beliefs around sex  Fight for women to express sexual desires  Birth control and abortions more accessible  Homosexuality was finally removed as a mental disorders  Sex education introduced into the education system  Sexual orientation o Homosexuality, queer, bisexuality, asexuality o Ancient Greece  Same sex relationships between men was seen as the ultimate form of love  Commonly between an older man and a much younger man o Sambians  Young boys start out messing around with other boys  Both sexes while they're teenagers  Must ingest semen to become a man  Gender o Terminology  Transgender  Transsexual, genderqueer, gender fluid, gender nonconforming o Transvestism  Someone wears the clothes of the opposite gender/sex  Can be for any reasons o Androphilia  Sexual attraction to men or masculinity regardless of gender or sex o Gynephilia  Sexual attraction to women and femininity regardless of gender or sex o Is being male or female biological  Sex wise yes, but gender identity is different than sex o Two spirited people  Native Americans saw people born with both genitals as two spirited Societal Norms  Natural sexual behavior o Conforms to our culture's sexual norms o Heteronormativity  Normal sexual behavior o Conforms to a group's average/median pattern of behavior  Has nothing to do with what's good or bad, just what's average

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We want to behave like the average person, but do we know what the average person is doing? Reproduction cross-culturally...