Chem 12 Data Book PDF

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PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS –

1

+

1

18

H

H

Hydrogen

Hydrogen

2

1.0

He

NON-METALS

METALS

1.0

0

Helium

2

1 3

+

Li

Be

Lithium

Beryllium

6.9

9.0

11

+

Na

4+ 3+

22

Ti Titanium

47.9

Magnesium

24.3 20

B

C

N

Boron

Carbon

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Fluorine

Neon

12.0

14.0

16.0

19.0

20.2

3+

Al

Sodium

+

7

13

Mg

K

6

2+

Ca

21

3+

Sc

4+ 23 3+ V

22

Ti

5+ 4+

24

Cr

3+ 2+

25

Mn

2+ 3+ 4+

26

Fe

3+ 2+

27

Co

2+ 3+

28

Ni

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2+ 3+

29

Cu

2+ 1+

30

2+

Zn

14

15

Si

P

8

2–

–

5

10.8

3–

4.0

17

16

15

14

13

Ion charge(s)

2+

12

23.0 19

Atomic Number Symbol Name Atomic Mass

2+

4

O

3–

16

9

F

2–

Ne

–

17

S

Cl

Aluminium

Silicon

Phosphorus

Sulfur

Chlorine

Argon

28.1

31.0

32.1

35.5

39.9

31

3+

32

4+

Ge

33

3–

34

As

Se

2–

–

35

Br

Kr

Potassium

Calcium

Scandium

Titanium

Vanadium

Chromium

Manganese

Iron

Cobalt

Nickel

Copper

Zinc

Gallium

Germanium

Arsenic

Selenium

Bromine

Krypton

40.1

45.0

47.9

50.9

52.0

54.9

55.8

58.9

58.7

63.5

65.4

69.7

72.6

74.9

79.0

79.9

83.8

+

38

2+

39

3+ 40

Y

Zr

4+

41

3+ 5+

42

43

7+

45

46

+

47

2+

3+

3+ 5+

52

2–

–

Niobium

Molybdenum

Technetium

Ruthenium

Rhodium

Palladium

Silver

Cadmium

Indium

Tin

Antimony

Tellurium

Iodine

Xenon

95.9

(98)

101.1

102.9

106.4

107.9

112.4

114.8

118.7

121.8

127.6

126.9

131.3

5+

74

Ta

W

6+

75

Re

4+ 7+

76

Os

3+ 4+

77

Ir

3+ 4+

78

Pt

4+ 2+

79

Au

3+ 1+

80

Hg

2+ 1+

81

Tl

1+ 3+

82

Pb

2+ 4+

83

Bi

3+ 84 5+ Po

I

2+ 4+

Xe

–

85

At

Rn

Cesium

Barium

Lanthanum

Hafnium

Tantalum

Tungsten

Rhenium

Osmium

Iridium

Platinum

Gold

Mercury

Thallium

Lead

Bismuth

Polonium

Astatine

Radon

137.3

138.9

178.5

180.9

183.8

186.2

190.2

192.2

195.1

197.0

200.6

204.4

207.2

209.0

(209)

(210)

(222)

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

Ra

Ac

Rf

Db

Sg

Bh

Hs

Mt

Ds

Rg

Uub

Uut

Uuq

Uup

Uuh

Uus

Uuo

Francium

Radium

Ac t inium

Rut herfordium

Dubnium

Seaborgium

Bohrium

Hassium

Meitnerium

Darmstadtium

Roentgenium

U nunbium

Ununtrium

Ununquadium

Ununpentium

Ununhexium

Ununseptium

Ununoctium

(223)

(226)

( 227)

(261 )

(262)

(263)

(262)

(265)

(266)

(281)

(272)

( 285)

(284 )

(289)

(288)

(292)

(?)

(294)

Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

Halogens

Noble Gases

87

Fr

88

2+

89

3+

0

86

132.9 +

0

54

92.9 73

Te

53

Zirconium

4+

Sn

4+ 51 2+ Sb

91.2

Hf

In

50

Yttrium

3+ 72

Cd

49

88.9

La

Ag

48

87.6

57

Pd

2+ 4+

Strontium

2+

Rh

3+ 4+

85.5

Ba

Ru

3+ 4+

Rubidium

+ 56

Tc

44

Sr

Cs

Mo

2+ 3+

Rb

55

Nb

0

36

39.1 37

0

18

Ar

27.0

Ga

0

10

58

Ce

3+ 4+

59

Pr

3+ 4+

60

3+

61

Nd

Pm

3+ 62

Sm

3+ 4+

63

Eu

3+ 2+

64

3+

65

Gd

Tb

3+ 4+

66

3+

Dy

67

3+

Ho

68

3+

Er

69

Tm

3+ 2+

3+ 2+

70

Yb

71

Cerium

Praseodymium

Neodymium

Promethium

Samarium

Europium

Gadolinium

Terbium

Dysprosium

Holmium

Erbium

Thulium

Ytterbium

Lutetium

Based on mass of C-12 at 12.00.

140.1

140.9

144.2

(145)

150.4

152.0

157.3

158.9

162.5

164.9

167.3

168.9

173.0

175.0

Any value in parentheses is the mass of the most stable or best known isotope for elements which do not occur naturally.

90

102 2+ 3+

103

Data Page 2

Th

4+

91

Pa

5+ 92 4+

U

Thorium

Protactinium

Uranium

232.0

231.0

238.0

6+ 4+ 5+

5+ 94 4+ 95 3+ 3+ 6+ 4+ 4+ Pu 3+ Am 5+ Neptunium Plutonium 5+ Americium 6+ 6+ (237) (244) (243) 93

96

Np

Cm

3+ 97

Bk

3+ 4+

98

3+

Cf

99

3+

Es

100

Fm

3+

101

Md

2+ 3+

No

3+

Lu

3+

Lr

Curium

Berkelium

Californium

Einsteinium

Fermium

Mendelevium

Nobelium

Lawrencium

(247)

(247)

(251)

(252)

(257)

(258)

(259)

(262)

Science 10

ATOMIC MASSES OF THE ELEMENTS Based on mass of C12 at 12.00. Values in parentheses are the mass number of the most stable or best known isotopes for elements that do not occur naturally. Element Actinium Aluminum Americium Antimony Argon Arsenic Astatine Barium Berkelium Beryllium Bismuth Boron Bromine Cadmium Calcium Californium Carbon Cerium Cesium Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Copper Curium Dubnium Dysprosium Einsteinium Erbium Europium Fermium Fluorine Francium Gadolinium Gallium Germanium Gold Hafnium Helium Holmium Hydrogen Indium Iodine Iridium Iron Krypton Lanthanum Lawrencium Lead Lithium Lutetium Magnesium Manganese Mendelevium

Symbol

Atomic Number

Atomic Mass

Ac Al Am Sb Ar As At Ba Bk Be Bi B Br Cd Ca Cf C Ce Cs Cl Cr Co Cu Cm Db Dy Es Er Eu Fm F Fr Gd Ga Ge Au Hf He Ho H In I Ir Fe Kr La Lr Pb Li Lu Mg Mn Md

89 13 95 51 18 33 85 56 97 4 83 5 35 48 20 98 6 58 55 17 24 27 29 96 105 66 99 68 63 100 9 87 64 31 32 79 72 2 67 1 49 53 77 26 36 57 103 82 3 71 12 25 101

(227) 27.0 (243) 121.8 39.9 74.9 (210) 137.3 (247) 9.0 209.0 10.8 79.9 112.4 40.1 (251) 12.0 140.1 132.9 35.5 52.0 58.9 63.5 (247) (262) 162.5 (252) 167.3 152.0 (257) 19.0 (223) 157.3 69.7 72.6 197.0 178.5 4.0 164.9 1.0 114.8 126.9 192.2 55.8 83.8 138.9 (262) 207.2 6.9 175.0 24.3 54.9 (258)

Element Mercury Molybdenum Neodymium Neon Neptunium Nickel Niobium Nitrogen Nobelium Osmium Oxygen Palladium Phosphorus Platinum Plutonium Polonium Potassium Praseodymium Promethium Protactinium Radium Radon Rhenium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium Rutherfordium Samarium Scandium Selenium Silicon Silver Sodium Strontium Sulphur Tantalum Technetium Tellurium Terbium Thallium Thorium Thulium Tin Titanium Tungsten Uranium Vanadium Xenon Ytterbium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium –2–

Symbol

Atomic Number

Atomic Mass

Hg Mo Nd Ne Np Ni Nb N No Os O Pd P Pt Pu Po K Pr Pm Pa Ra Rn Re Rh Rb Ru Rf Sm Sc Se Si Ag Na Sr S Ta Tc Te Tb Tl Th Tm Sn Ti W U V Xe Yb Y Zn Zr

80 42 60 10 93 28 41 7 102 76 8 46 15 78 94 84 19 59 61 91 88 86 75 45 37 44 104 62 21 34 14 47 11 38 16 73 43 52 65 81 90 69 50 22 74 92 23 54 70 39 30 40

200.6 95.9 144.2 20.2 (237) 58.7 92.9 14.0 (259) 190.2 16.0 106.4 31.0 195.1 (244) (209) 39.1 140.9 (145) 231.0 (226) (222) 186.2 102.9 85.5 101.1 (261) 150.4 45.0 79.0 28.1 107.9 23.0 87.6 32.1 180.9 (98) 127.6 158.9 204.4 232.0 168.9 118.7 47.9 183.8 238.0 50.9 131.3 173.0 88.9 65.4 91.2

NAMES, FORMULAE, AND CHARGES OF SOME COMMON IONS * Aqueous solutions are readily oxidized by air. ** Not stable in aqueous solutions. Positive Ions (Cations) 3+

Al

NH4

+

2+

Pb

Aluminum

4+ +

Ammonium

Li

2+

Lead(IV), plumbic Lithium

Ba

Barium

Mg

Ca2+

Calcium

Mn2+ Manganese(II), manganous

Cr2+

Chromium(II), chromous

Mn

Chromium(III), chromic

Hg 22+ Mercury(I)*, mercurous

Cr

3+

Cu Cu

+

2+

H+ H 3O

+

2+

Copper(I)*, cuprous

Hg

4+

2+

K

Copper(II), cupric

+

Magnesium

Manganese(IV)

Mercury(II), mercuric Potassium

Hydrogen

Ag+ Silver

Hydronium

Na

+

2+

Sodium

Iron(II)*, ferrous

Sn

Fe3+

Iron(III), ferric

Sn4+ Tin(IV), stannic

Pb 2+

Lead(II), plumbous

Zn

Fe

Tin(II)*, stannous

2+

Zinc

−

Hydroxide

−

Hypochlorite

−

Iodide

Negative Ions (Anions) Br− CO3

2−

ClO 3− Cl

−

Bromide

OH

Carbonate

ClO

Chlorate

I

HPO 42−

Chloride

Monohydrogen phosphate

ClO 2−

Chlorite

NO3

CrO42−

Chromate

NO2− Nitrite

Cyanide

C 2O 4 2− Oxalate

CN − Cr2O7 2−

Dichromate

H2 PO4−

Dihydrogen phosphate

O

−

2−

Nitrate

Oxide**

ClO4− Perchlorate

CH3 COO

−

Ethanoate, acetate

F

−

Fluoride

PO 43− Phosphate

Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate

SO 4

−

HCO 3

HC2O 4−

MnO4 − Permanganate 2− 2−

Hydrogen oxalate, binoxalate

S

HSO 4−

Hydrogen sulphate, bisulphate

2− SO 3

HS −

Hydrogen sulphide, bisulphide

SCN

HSO 3−

Hydrogen sulphite, bisulphite –3–

−

Sulphate Sulphide Sulphite Thiocyanate

SOLUBILITY OF COMMON COMPOUNDS IN WATER The term soluble here means > 0.1 mol/L at 25°C. Negative Ions (Anions)

or or

Positive Ions (Cations)

Solubility of Compounds +

+

+

+

+

+

All

Alkali ions: Li , Na , K , Rb , Cs , Fr

All

Hydrogen ion: H

All

Ammonium ion: NH 4

Nitrate, NO3 −

All

Soluble

All others

Soluble

          

Chloride,Cl− Bromide, Br

−

Iodide, I −

Sulphate, SO4

2−

          

+

2+

Ag , Pb , Cu

+

Soluble

+

Low Solubility

All others

+

2+

Soluble

2+

2+

+

2−

Sulphide, S

Soluble

+

Ag , Ca , Sr , Ba , Pb

          

Soluble

+

2+

2+

Low Solubility 2+

2+

2+

2+

Alkali ions, H , NH 4 , Be , Mg , Ca , Sr , Ba

Soluble

All others

Low Solubility +

Hydroxide, OH

−

          

+

Alkali ions, H , NH 4 , Sr

2+

Soluble

All others 

or or

Phosphate, PO43−    2−   3   2−    3

Low Solubility +

Alkali ions, H , NH 4

+

Soluble

Carbonate, CO Sulphite, SO

All others

Low Solubility

–4–

SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS AT 25°C Name

Formula

K sp

Barium carbonate

BaCO3

2.6 × 10 −9

Barium chromate

BaCrO4

1.2 × 10

−10

Barium sulphate

BaSO4

1.1 × 10

−10

Calcium carbonate

CaCO3

5.0 × 10 −9

Calcium oxalate

CaC2 O4

2.3 × 10 −9

Calcium sulphate

CaSO4

7.1 × 10−5

Copper(I) iodide

CuI

1.3 × 10 −12

Copper(II) iodate

Cu IO 3 2

6.9 × 10

−8

Copper(II) sulphide

CuS

6.0 × 10

−37

Iron(II) hydroxide

Fe OH

4.9 × 10−17

Iron(II) sulphide

FeS

6.0 × 10 −19

Iron(III) hydroxide

Fe OH

2.6 × 10 −39

Lead(II) bromide

PbBr2

6.6 × 10 −6

Lead(II) chloride

PbCl2

1.2 × 10

Lead(II) iodate

Pb IO3

3.7 × 10

Lead(II) iodide

PbI2

8.5 × 10

Lead(II) sulphate

PbSO4

1.8 × 10−8

Magnesium carbonate

MgCO3

6.8 × 10 −6

Magnesium hydroxide

Mg OH

5.6 × 10 −12

Silver bromate

AgBrO3

5.3 × 10−5

Silver bromide

AgBr

5.4 × 10

−13

Silver carbonate

Ag2 CO3

8.5 × 10

−12

Silver chloride

AgCl

1.8 × 10−10

Silver chromate

Ag2 CrO4

1.1 × 10 −12

Silver iodate

AgIO3

3.2 × 10 −8

Silver iodide

AgI

8.5 × 10−17

Strontium carbonate

SrCO3

5.6 × 10

−10

Strontium fluoride

SrF2

4.3 × 10

...