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Subject: General Chemistry Section: STEMName: Wendy F. Galgo Date: 02/10/Quarter 2 – Module 11. 6.2. 7.3. 8.4. 9.5. 10.What’s NewActivity 1: True or False1.2.3.4.5.GUIDE QUESTIONWhat is the difference between Bohr’s model and the quantum mechanical model ofan electron? State your answer in 3-5 sente...

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Subject: General Chemistry

Section: STEM12

Name: Wendy F. Galgo

Date: 02/10/21

Quarter 2 – Module 1 1.

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What’s New Activity 1: True or False 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

GUIDE QUESTION What is the difference between Bohr’s model and the quantum mechanical model of an electron? State your answer in 3-5 sentences only. - In the Bohr’s model, the electron is treated as a particle in fixed orbits around the nucleus. In the Quantum mechanical model, the electron is treated mathematically as a wave. It therefore required three coordinates, or three quantum numbers, to describe the distribution of electrons in the atom.

What’s More (A) ACTIVITY 2.1: LET’S TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING 1. List the values of n, ℓ, ml for orbitals in the 4d subshell. N value/s 4

ℓ value/s 2

ml value/s -2, -1, 0, +1, +2

2. What is the total number of orbitals associated with the principal quantum number n=3? Defend your answer. - There are nine orbitals in the n=3 shell. There is one orbital in the 3s subshell and three orbitals in the 3p subshell, n=3 shell, also includes 3d orbitals. There are three orbitals in the 3p subshell as three can be three directions in which p orbital can point.

For items 3-5, identify if the following set of quantum numbers are correct. If not, indicate which quantum number is wrong. 3. n=2, ℓ =1, ml =-1, ms = +1/2 - Yes 4. n=3, ℓ =1, ml = 3, ms = -1/2 - No; ml = 3 5. n=1, ℓ =1, ml = +1, ms = -1/2 -No; ℓ = 1

What’s More (B) ACTIVITY 2.2: Identify the orbital n 2 1 3 3 2 0 4

1 0 -3 2 0 0 2

-1 0 2 -2 -1 0 1

Orbital 2p (example) 1s Not allowed 3d 2s Not allowed 4d

What Have I Learned ACTIVITY 3: How much have you learned? 1. Quantum Number - The set of numbers used to describe the position and energy of the electron in an atom are called quantum numbers. There are four quantum numbers, namely, principal, azimuthal, magnetic and spin quantum numbers.

2. Principal Quantum Number - The principal quantum number, n, describes the energy of an electron and the most probable distance of the electron from the nucleus. In other words, it refers to the size of the orbital and the energy level an electron is placed in. 3. Angular Quantum Number - The angular momentum quantum number, signified as (l), describes the general shape or region an electron occupies—its orbital shape. The value of l depends on the value of the principle quantum number n. 4. Magnetic Quantum Number - The magnetic quantum number recognizes the orbitals available within a subshell, and is used to calculate the azimuthal component of the orientation of orbital in space. Electrons in a particular subshell (such as s, p, d, or f) are defined by values of ℓ (0, 1, 2, or 3).

What I Can Do ACTIVITY 4: I AM ELECTRON MAN!

Electron Name: Electronizer

Special Skill: Can make you smile

Day

Time

Location

Activity

1

9 am

1

9 am

Having breakfast with family Answering modules

1

3 pm

1

7 pm

2

9 am

2

3 pm

2

7 pm

3

9 am

3

3 pm

Dining Area, Rizal’s House, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines Living area, Galgo’s House, Maniki, Kapalong, Davao Del Norte, Philippines Plaza, Maniki, Kapalong Davao del Norte, Philippines Dining Area, Galgo’s House, Maniki, Kapalong, Davao del Norte, Philippines Dining Area, Galgo’s House, Maniki, Kapalong, Davao del Norte, Philippines Living Area, Galgo’s House, Maniki, Kapalong, Davao del Norte, Philippines Dining Area, Galgo’s House, Maniki, Kapalong, Davao del Norte, Philippines Living Area, Galgo’s House, Maniki, Kapalong, Davao del Norte, Philippines Living Area, Galgo’s House, Maniki,

Chillin’ with friends Having Dinner with family Having breakfast with family Bonding with family

Having dinner with family Doing household chores Playing with siblings

3

7 pm

Kapalong, Davao del Norte, Philippines Living Area, Galgo’s House, Maniki, Kapalong, Davao del Norte, Philippines

Bonding with family

Follow-up Questions: 1. What is the importance of understanding the role of quantum numbers in chemistry? - Quantum numbers are important because they can be used to determine the electron configuration of an atom and the probable location of the atom's electrons. Quantum numbers are also used to understand other characteristics of atoms, such as ionization energy and the atomic radius. 2. How are GPS (Global Positioning System) and quantum numbers related to each other? - Quantum numbers give information about the location of an electron or set of electrons, same as the GPS it gives location of a person or a place. They are almost the same the difference is that the Quantum numbers are used for electrons while GPS are used in locating a place or person 3. Why is it important to be aware of your location and surroundings?

- When you know your surroundings, you can take better notice of the things that are out of the ordinary. Consider, whether you need to tell someone or react. Don't presume changes in your surroundings are innocent or fine.

Lesson 2 Electron Configuration and the Magnetic Property of Atoms What’s New ACTIVITY 1: What is the Mystery Word?

__ __ __ L P T H __ L E __ N 1. The symbol of the element in the third period with 5 valence electrons and is used in the manufacture of safety matches. -P 2. The symbol of the element in the first period with 2 valence electrons and used to inflate party balloons. -He

3. The symbols of the two gaseous elements in the second period with valence electrons equal to 5 and 6, respectively. - NO 4. The first letter of the name of the principle which states that electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels first before occupying higher levels in the atom’s ground state. -A 5. The symbol of the halogen with a complete electron configuration: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 5s 5p. -I

What’s More (A) ACTIVITY 2.1: Electron Configuration and Orbital Diagrams Element

Number Of electrons

Electron Configuration

3

1s²2s²

Orbital Diagram

Magnetic Property

Lithium Paramagneti c

Oxygen 8

1s²2s²2p⁴

Paramagneti c

9

1s²2s²p⁵

Paramagneti c

Fluorine

35

1s²2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p⁶ 4s²3d10 4p⁵

14

1s²2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p²

Bromine

Silicon

Zinc

30

1s²2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p⁶ 4s²3d10

Paramagneti c Paramagneti c Diamagnetic

What’s More (B) ACTIVITY 2.2: Label it!

3s

2

What I Have Learned ACTIVITY 3: Boarding House Analogy Boarding House Rules

Electron Rules

From the Bottom Up: Rooms should be filled from the ground floor and up. Fill up first the rooms on the first floor before starting to put new tenants on the second floor.

Aufbau Principle: the electrons fill the accessible orbitals from most reduced energy to most elevated energy. In the ground express all the electrons are in the most reduced conceivable energy level. Hund’s Rule: The electrons should be put into the orbitals so that no sets are assembled except if important. That is, single electrons should be put into boxes first and afterward matched up if essential.

Singles First: the owner of the building wants to have the renters spread out as much as possible. For that reason, singles are placed first in rooms before couples. If couples must be placed into a room then all of the other rooms on that floor must already have a single in them. Opposite Gender Only: When two people are to be situated in a room, they must be of opposite genders. No men may stay together, and no women may room together. This is an arbitrary rule on the part of the owners: in a just world, we wouldn’t have to follow it, but quantum mechanics has nothing to do with society’s mom.

Pauli Exclusion Principle: Electrons come in two varieties based on the direction they are ‘spinning’. There is an Up spin and a Down spin. Up and Down spins are always paired together and Up-Up or Down-Down combinations are not allowed. No two electrons can ever be in the same place at the same time.

What I Can Do ACTIVITY 4: What are you eating? FOOD NAME: Element

PIATTOS- CHEESE FLAVOR Electron Properties Uses Configuration

1. Silver-White

Sodium

2. Reacts explosively with water 3. Combines with oxygen at room temperature

Zinc

1. Zinc is a lustrous bluish-white metal. 2. It is brittle and crystalline at ordinary temperatures, but it becomes ductile and malleable when heated between 110°C and 150°C. 3. It is a fairly reactive metal that will combine with oxygen and other non-metals, and will react with dilute acids to release hydrogen.

1. Used as a heat exchanger in some nuclear reactors, and as a reagent in the chemicals industry. 2. Sodium vapor is used in streetlights and produces a brilliant yellow light. 3. Liquid sodium has been used as a coolant for nuclear reactors.. 1. Most zinc is used to galvanise other metals, such as iron, to prevent rusting. 2. Zinc is also used in alloys such as brass, nickel silver and aluminium solder. 3. Zinc is also important to wound healing and your sense of taste and smell.

Orbital Diagram

Paramagnetic/ Diamagnetic?

1s22s22p63s1

Paramagnetic

1s²2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p ⁶ 4s²3d10

Diamagnetic

Follow-up Questions: 1. Why is it important to be aware of the ingredients of the food you eat? - To know if it is good to your health or not. 2. Based on your research, is your favorite food good for your health? Why? - No, because it is more on sodium that can lead to high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, etc. 3. Why is it important to gain knowledge on the properties and characteristics of some elements? - To know all the information of a particular element.

Assessment: (Post-Test) 1.

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Subject: Chemistry

Section: STEM12

Name: Wendy F. Galgo

Date: 02/10/21

Quarter2- Module 2

What I Know (Pre-test) 1.

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What’s More ACTIVITY 1: Name is Bond… Chemical Bond Compound

Type of Bond

NaCI

ionic covalent covalent covalent covalent covalent ionic ionic covalent covalent ionic

CH 4 HCI

N2 O2 H2O KBr

MgCI 2 PCI 3 CO

CaF 2

Good conductor of heat or electricity? Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes

High Boiling Point?

High Melting Point?

Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes

Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes

What I Have Learned ACTIVITY 2: What Type of bond do you form? Directions: Imagine yourself and the people around you as atoms. Just like atoms, you need to form bonds to be more stable. Your attitude, talents and potentials, love and care, advises and compliments, and the things you treasure should serve the function of electrons. Based on your understanding on the concept of ionic and covalent bonds, what type of bond do you want to

form with other people? What do you want to do with your electrons? Support your answer. Your answer should not be less than 7 sentences and not more than 10 sentences. -

Lesson 2 What’s New ACTIVITY 1: Meet the Nobles 1. To what group in the periodic table do the elements listed belong? - Noble gas 2. Why these elements are called the noble gases? What is their common characteristics? - They are called noble gases because they are so majestic that, in general, they don't react with anything. For this reason they are also known as inert gases. 3. Why are lights bulbs filled with argon gas rather than oxygen gas?

- Argon gas is used in fluorescent and incandescent light bulbs to stop the oxygen in the light bulbs from corroding the hot tungsten filament. The use of argon in light bulbs prevents the evaporation of the tungsten filaments, which results in increased light bulb life. 4. How many valence electrons do noble gases have? Draw the Lewis dot symbol of the noble gas XE. - Noble gases are the least reactive of all elements. That's because they have eight valence electrons, which fill their outer energy level.

5. Can we relate the number of valence electrons with the stability of the elements? - The octet rule refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell. When atoms have fewer than eight electrons, they tend to react and form more stable compounds.

What’s More ACTIVITY 2: Predicting Chemical Products

Atoms involved

Type of Bond

Na, Ci

Ionic

C, I

covalent

Lewis dot symbol of each atom

Charge of each ion after electron transfer if ionic bond is formed

Lewis dot symbol of each ion of ionic bond if formed

Formula of the Product

NaCI Not applicable

Not applicable

CI4

Mg, CI

ionic

MgCI2

Ca, F

ionic

CaF2

Na, O

Na2O ionic

Ca, N S, CI

Ca2N2 ionic covalent

What I Have Learned ACTIVITY 3: Spotting Mistakes 1. H-C=N 2. H=C=C=H 3. H-O=F 4.

-

Not applicable

Not applicable

SCI2

Lesson 3 What’s More ACTIVITY 1: Synthesizing concepts Geometry Name

Polar or Nonpolar?

Linear

Nonpolar

CH 4

Tetrahedral

Nonpolar

NH 3

Trigonal pyramidal

Polar

SF 4

See-saw

Polar

Covalent Compound

Lewis Structure with correct geometry

CO2

What I Have Learned ACTIVITY 2: Reasoning Challenge

1. VSEPR theory specifies “valence shell” electrons. Explain why these are the most critical electrons for determining molecular shape? - Theory helps predict the shapes of molecules and is based on the premise that electrons around a central atom repel each other. Electron domains are areas of high electron density such as bonds (single, double or triple) and lone-pairs of electrons. 2. Draw the Lewis structure of ozone, O3. Describe why ozone has a bent shape instead of a linear shape.

Assessment: (Post-test) 1.

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Subject: General Chemistry

Section: STEM12

Name: Wendy F. Galgo

Date: 02/10/21

Quarter 2- Module 3 What I Know (Pre-test) 1.

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Lesson 1 What’s New ACTIVITY 1: Matching Type 1.

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What’s More ACTIVITY 2: Identification

What I Have Learned ACITIVITY 3: Take your pick! The most interesting functional group

Esters

Why you find it more interesting than other Functional group?

Give a sample structure of your chosen functional compound

I find it interesting because they used it as flavouring agents.

Lesson 2 What’s New ACTIVITY 1: Clones or isomers 1. Isomers 2. Clones

3. Isomers 4. Isomers

Give its Special Properties and Common Uses

Esters have several uses in each of the living world and various other industries. Esters have sweet fruit smells and with low molecular mass. The lower the molecular mass, the stronger the odours they carry; make them suitable for the preparation of cosmetics and perfumes.

Name Products or things in which this functional group is present.

Perfume

What’s More (A) ACTIVITY 2.1: Structural Isomerism Identification 1. Chain

3. Position

2. Chain

4. Functional

What’s More ACTIVITY 2.2: Organic Reaction Identification 1. Combustion 2. Addition 3. Condensation 4. Saponification 5. Condensation

What I Have Learned 1. Structure isomers have the same molecular formula but have different properties. How is this possible? - Two isomeric compounds, composed of exactly the same elements in exactly the same ratio, may have very different properties because of the different ways that the atoms are connected within the compounds. 2. How is positional and functional isomerism differ from each other? - When two or more compounds with the same molecular formula differ in the position of substituent atom or functional group of carbon atom, they are called positional isomers. When two or more compounds with same molecular formula but diff functional groups are called functional isomers. 3. Ethanol and dimethyl either have the same molecular formula C 2 H 6 O . Ethanol is liquid at room temperature while dimethyl either is gas. How is this possible? - They are functional isomers, hence the difference in their boiling points and volatility 4. Why short-chain alkanes like methane and butane serve as good fuels? - Alkanes are used as fuels because they have high calorific value. 5. Does the compound below undergo saponification reaction? Why? - Yes, because the compound is an ester. 6. Describe how you will prepare an alcohol from an alkene. - Hydration of an alkene

7. Describe how you will prepare an alkene from an alcohol. - Dehydration of an alkene 8. Describe how you will prepare an ester. - Esters are produced when carboxylic acids are heated with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst. The catalyst is usually concentrated sulphuric acid. Dry hydrogen chloride gas is used in some cases, but these tend to involve aromatic esters (ones where the carboxylic acid contains a benzene ring).

What I Can Do (A) ACTIVITY 4.1: Meet my Isomers Directions: Do a research about the structural isomers of the compound

C 4 H 10 O .

Identify at least three structural isomers, provide their structures and their individual properties, and uses. Write your names in each cell of the table below. Name of the isomer

1. 1- Butanol

2. 2- Butanol

3. 2- methyl propan-2-ol

Structure of the isomer

Properties and uses Properties: Alcohol-like; pungent; strong; characteristic; mildly alcoholic, non-residual. Uses: It is used in chemical derivatives and as a solvent for paints, waxes, brake fluid, and cleaners. Properties: It is slightly sticky colorless flammable liquid, with a strong odor. Uses: Used as extraction solvent, spices. Properties: It has a camphor-like odor and is miscible with water, ethanol and diethyl ether. Uses: This substance is used in the following products: coating products, washing & cleaning...