Chemistry Safety Simulation PDF

Preview

Summary

Download Chemistry Safety Simulation PDF

Description

CHEMISTRY SAFETY SIMULATION Safety Equipment

Safety Equipment Labs contain equipment:

following

If there is a fire in the lab make sure you follow these steps: safety

A safety shower (hazardous chemical/on fire; get under shower, pull lever, rinse affected) and an eyewash station (wash at least 10 minutes, avoid contact lenses; safety glasses for debris not splash hazard -> chemical resistant safety goggles, always wear eye protection when working with liquid nitrogen, biohazardous substances). Both should be tested weekly to ensure they are working properly and that the water is clean. A fire extinguisher, which is usually located close to the entrance. Two emergency exits at different sides of the lab. This ensures that nobody can get trapped in case of a fire. Make sure the emergency exits are kept clear at all times. Fire blankets can be used for minor injuries such as cuts. 4 CLASSES OF FIRES Class A Class B Class C Class D

Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material: wood, paper, plastic Flammable or combustible liquids paint, kerosene Energized electrical equipment switches, panel boxes; Combustible metals: Magnesium, potassium

Most labs are equipped with dry chemical extinguishers (ABC extinguishers) that can be used for the first three classes. CO2 extinguishers are also very popular. They can be used for class B and C fires. Don’t use CO2 extinguishers on people as it can cause serious frostbites.

1. Keep situation:

calm

and

assess

the

2. If the fire is very small, such as a liquid in a flask that catches fire, try to extinguish it by smothering it with a lid. 3. If the fire is out of control, ensure the safety of everybody in close vicinity of the fire. 4. Raise the fire alarm and press the circuit breaker to turn off all machines in the lab. 5. If you trained in the use of fire equipment and it is safe to do so attempt to extinguish the fire. If the fire is out of control, evacuate immediately. What to do when people are on fire? - extinguish burning clothes rolling on the floor. Never wrap fire blanket around a standing person because it creates a chimney effect and burn person’s face. If the safety shower is close, use it to extinguish the flames and cool the burns.

LAB SAFETY PRACTICES Eating, drinking, smoking, storing food and drink in laboratory not permitted

and the

You should ensure that you wear clothes that cover your entire body. This includes closed shoes & long pants. Avoid loose sleeves and tie back long hair, it might obstruct you and can be dangerous when working around a flame. Only bring the things that you need into the lab. Leave all personal items such as backpacks, purses, or jackets

outside, so they don’t become contaminated. This also applies for jewelry or watches. Make sure you don’t contaminate light switches, door knobs, and especially your smartphone. Keep your hands clean and your nails short, and make sure you wash your hands before leaving the tab. Make sure you always wear appropriate personal protective equipment for the task at hand. The lab room should be kept clean and tidy and all emergency exits should be clear. Never place reagents on the floor. Chemicals need to be stored in appropriate cabinets to avoid accidents. Keep your workbench tidy and remove all the items that are not needed.

CHEMICAL SPILL *remain calm, warn everybody in the vicinity and analyze the situation. It is crucial that you know what chemical was spilled and what hazards it poses before you initiate any cleanup strategy.

MAJOR SPILLS

MINOR SPILLS

Involve large amounts of chemicals or highly dangerous reagents. Make sure you evacuate the lab & contact the appropriate emergency personnel. Spills that can be cleaned up by lab personnel without putting themselves or others at risk. * involves small amounts of chemicals that are not excessively dangerous. Before you start cleaning up a chemical spill you need to identify what chemicals are involved. ACID/BASE SPILLS: sill needs to be neutralized first

STRONG ACIDS: can be neutralized w/ baking soda (a weak base) STRONG BASES: neutralized with acetic acid (a weak acid)

BioDiesel Production Biodiesel can be produced from plant and animal oils via a simple chemical reaction. The major component of oils are triglycerides. Figure 1: Triglycerides consist of glycerol (red) linked to three fatty acid chains (blue). An alcohol can be used to remove the fatty acid molecule and produce biodiesel. This reaction requires a basic or acidic catalyst such as NaOH Figure 2: Triglycerides (fats) react with methanol to produce glycerol and biodiesel. The reaction will only take place if there is a catalyst (e.g NaOH) and the mixture is heated to 60*C

Hazard Symbols “Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)” Figure 1: Hazard pictograms and their meaning The GHS chemical hazard pictograms are intended to provide the basis for or to replace national systems of hazard pictograms. There are also alternative hazard symbols, such as the fire diamond, which is used for hazard labeling in the USA.

Fume hood 

Make sure the air flows: stick small piece of paper into hood to see flow







Work with sash down. There is usually a marking on the side of the slider the tells you how far up you can move the sash without compromising the air flow. Get used to working with that piece of glass in front of your nose. If something blows up inside the hood it will protect face Place reagents in the back of the hood. The closer to the opening = more likely that fumes can be blown out by hand movements Remove unnecessary objects, each one of them is an obstacle to the airflow. If you don’t need it, remove it!

Figure: Pull the sash down and place that fuming beaker towards the back

Methanol safety data sheet Section 1: Identification of the substance and of the supplier

Solvent waste Organic solvents: cannot be flushed down sink. They are disposed in solvent waste containers to collect them for burning. Waste organic solvents are separated into two separate waste containers: Halogena ted



Nonhalogena ted



Used for organic solvents that contain a halogen atom such as Cl, F, Br and I. These compounds have to be burned at very high temp. to minimize the formation of toxic dioxins. Can be burned for energy recovery under standard conditions, hence it is much cheaper to process nonhalogenated solvent waste.

1.1 Product identifier Product form: Substance Substance Name: Methanol CAS No: 67-56-1 Formula: CH40 Section 2: Hazards Identification Section 3: Composition and information on ingredients Section 4: First aid measures Section 5: Firefighting measures Section 6: Accidental release measures Section 7: Handling and storage Section 8: Exposure controls and personal protection

LABSTER PROPER GROW ALGAE AT A LARGE SCALE to produce oils that could be used to create biodiesel. The residents of a city in northwest Alaska = sustainability and natural environment protection a priority. MAIN CONCERNS: *coal power plant: produces large amounts of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide GLACIER: gloval emissions of carbon dioxide result in global

warming, rapid melting of surrounding glaciers, and sea level rise. Rising sea levels threaten coastal communities everywhere. *fish farm: release large amounts of waste that lead to algae blooms. Build large pools covered with greenhouse to grow algae for biofuel production. Excess heat & carbon dioxide from coal power plant could be pumped into the greenhouse. Likewise, the wastewater from the fish farm can provide nutrients for the algae. Instead of harming the environment, these waste products can be used as a resource for algae to produce oil.











We need to find a way to convert this algae oil into biodiesel that can be used to power cars. ISOLATE OIL FROM ALGAE CELLS. The oil is not very pure, but it might be good enough for biodiesel production.



OIL -> biodiesel

Different hazardous chemicals to be able to produce biodiesel from oil. Before you start with the experiment, I want to make sure that you wear the correct personal protective equipment and that you are familiar with the hazard symbols.  

Lab, goggles The algae oil has triglyceride chemical structure. It has a three-

 1. 2.

3.

carbon glycerol backbone with three hydrocarbon chains bound to it like tails. To make biodiesel, we just need to remove the hydrocarbon chains from the backbone. Use alcohol (methanol) to split molecule in a transesterification reaction. (not spontaneously) add NaOH as catalyst, and heat up the rxion mixture If successful: it will yield biodiesel and the glycerol molecules. Glycerol=soap production. OIL + alcohol + catalyst -> biodiesel + glycerol + catalyst Methanol is the simplest alcohol. It contains one carbon atom less than ethanol, which is the alcohol contained in alcoholic drinks. It is volatile and toxic. CH3OH (flammable, health, toxic) Methanol is volatile & toxic. Volatile chemicals are easily evaporated. If you breathe in the methanol, you might get intoxicated. Methanol can lead to blindness or evn kill you if you take up higher doses. (FUME HOOD) SASH LOW = airflow sufficient to protect STAIN (clean) ACETONE: excellent organic solvent. Latex gloves, change it. P260 and P271: methanol is toxic if inhaled (H331),

that’s reason why you have to perform this experiment in the fume hood 4. Catalyst (reagent): reduces the activation energy required for a reaction to occur – SODIUM HYDROXIDE 5. NaOH: check CAS (di malito sa label) 6. Heat plate contains a rotating magnet. Add magnetic stir bar to the flask 7. Start then add algae oil 8. Heat up rxion to provide the energy for the chemical conversion. 15 mins. 9. Set temp 5 degrees below the boiling point to not evaporate methanol 10. Methanol gets very volatile at high temperature: crucial this rxion performed in a wellventilated area. Therefore, no sparks or open flames could ignite the methanol. 11. Start = two phases (biodiesel top; glycerol below) 12. Sodium hydroxidemethanol solution is flammable (GHS02), toxic (GHS06), and corrosive (GHSS08) 13. Corrosiveness: Add enough weak acid to solution we can neutralize strongly basic solution= ACETIC ACID (weak acid seen in vinegar) 14. DCM (Dichloromethane):

chlorine, halogen = dispose halogenated waste...