Safety intro PDF

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Safety in labs...

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Welcome to the Organic Chemistry Laboratory

Figure 1. Experiments are performed in an organic chemistry laboratory. [1]

Contents Introduction to Safety in the Lab Safety Training Emergency Telephone Numbers Rules of the Laboratory Exposure to Chemicals Lab Equipment and Glassware Using a Lab Notebook How a Lab Notebook is Organized Lab Notebook Checklist https://app.tophat.com/e/896767/assigned

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Questions

Introduction to Safety in the Lab To begin, we must first address the issue of safety in the laboratory. Your lab supervisor will address specific safety at the begining each lab session. In the first class, this will also include any precautions, the locations of important safety equipment around the laboratory, how to handle the chemicals, and equipment for each experiment and how to dispose of any of the waste generated in the lab. Common sense should always be used in the laboratory. Always read the labels of the materials you are using, including looking up the MSDS's of any reagents that you are unfamiliar with. Always follow the instructions of the lab manual and of your lab supervisor, if ever there is a contradiction between a description or a procedure in your lab manual with what your supervisor indicates, always follow your supervisor's specific instructions. Never rough-house in the laboratory and always use the equipment for its intended purpose. If you have any questions, always ask your laboratory supervisor. By following these simple directions we can ensure that you have a very safe, fun and positive laboratory experience. Watch the video below to learn about how to use the general safety equipment in and around your laboratory!

Video Please visit the textbook on a web or mobile device to view video content.

Safety Training WHMIS/Hazmat/GHS training is to be completed by each student before arriving to the lab. A test may be https://app.tophat.com/e/896767/assigned

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administered during the first lab session. Click here to test your knowledge of the hazard symbols.

Emergency Telephone Numbers Internal telephones: FIRE, POLICE, AMBULANCE: 9- 911 (Dial 9 to dial out) From your cell phone: Call 911 for emergencies 24 Hour Emergency: 9-911 Maintenance Problems: From 5:00 p.m. – 11:00 p.m. M – F call Maintenance A!er 11:00 p.m. and on weekends – call SECURITY

Rules of the Laboratory 1. Consider all instructions set out by this lab manual BUT follow the directions of your lab supervisor. 2. No work is to be carried out unless the lab demonstrator is present and all work must be approved 3. All persons in laboratories (whether or not they are actually doing practical work) must wear safety glasses and lab coats. Academic sta" supervising undergraduates enforce this rule. In all laboratories, hair should be secured so that it does not hang below the neck. Proper clothing is an important part of being prepared for the lab: Lab goggles must be worn in the lab at all times, even when you are finished working, others may be working around you. Exposed legs from shorts or skirts are not permitted. All skin below the arms must be covered by clothing such as an appropriate length lab coat. Only closed-toed shoes are permitted: No sandals or open-toed shoes allowed. Shoes should be slip-resistant Long hair must be tied back and loose jewelry and sleeves should be secured where possible

Failure to adhere to this policy may result in you being denied entry to the lab and receiving a zero grade https://app.tophat.com/e/896767/assigned

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Failure to adhere to this policy may result in you being denied entry to the lab and receiving a zero grade. 4. When conducting practical work in the lab, gloves should be worn. Watch the below video about safe glove use in the laboratory.

Video Please visit the textbook on a web or mobile device to view video content.

5. Absolutely no food or drinks are allowed in the lab. These must be stowed away in your bag through the session. 6. Bags, coats and other personal items should be stored in the lockers/cubby holes provided and not le! in corridors or on benches. 7. Report all accidents to your demonstrator. Do not use the first aid kit without first alerting the lab supervisor Be aware of all Fire extinguishers, Emergency Exits, First-aid kits, eye-wash stations, and emergency showers. Watch the video below on how yo use an emergency eye-wash station:

Vid https://app.tophat.com/e/896767/assigned

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Video Please visit the textbook on a web or mobile device to view video content.

8. In the event of a fire alarm, leave your workstation and use the closest available exit and follow the directions from the lab supervisor. 9. Pipetting by mouth is not allowed. Use a bulb or automatic pipette. 10. Do not inhale vapors or come in contact with any substances. Use gloves where necessary and always remembering that they are semi-permeable to most organic solvents. Carry out experiments in the fumehoods unless you are instructed by your lab demonstrator to use the lab bench. If you spill any chemicals on yourself, remove any contaminated clothing items immediately and rinse the a"ected area with copious amounts of soap and water. Make sure to notify your lab instructor. 11. Experiments must be conducted on clean working surfaces; any spillage should be cleaned immediately A high standard of tidiness should be maintained at all times. Contaminated surfaces and equipment must be cleaned as soon as it is practicable a!er use. The equipment should then be put away at the end of an experiment. Clean as you go. Be cautious and try to avoid contamination by touching items that will be taken outside of the lab (e.g. school bag) with dirty gloves. 12. Waste should be disposed of in the appropriate containers: solvents. Heavy metal waste should be placed in the appropriate bottle. Broken glassware should be washed and placed in the designated glass bin. Solid waste should be dried, placed in a polyethylene bag and placed in a solid waste bin. Consult a laboratory supervisor for the disposal directions for each experiment, always ask if you are unsure about the correct disposal procedure. 13. Absolutely NO SMOKING. 14. No unauthorized experiments are to be carried out without explicit written consent from the university. B f

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15. Before leaving the lab, wash your hands. Leave your safety goggles on until you have exited the laboratory. 16. Report all injuries, accidents, broken equipment or other incidents to your lab instructor. This helps to prevent repeat occurrences.

Exposure to Chemicals Personal protection equipment includes gloves, aprons, goggles, and lab coats. Never assume that this equipment will provide you with complete immunity to chemical exposure. Not all protective equipment is created equal. Eyeglasses do not provide the same protection as safety goggles. If eyeglasses are to be worn in the lab they must have protection on the sides, such as side-shields or an elongated curvature. If you spill a chemical on your skin, wash your skin immediately. If you spill chemicals on your clothes, they should be removed and cleaned as soon as possible. Cotton will not dissolve when exposed to many chemicals whereas synthetics may, however, cotton is more flammable. The safest material is a cotton/synthetic blend which maximizes the resistance to both fire and chemicals.

Lab Equipment and Glassware Inspect all lab equipment before use. Electrical equipment should have the cables inspected before they are plugged in to ensure the wires are not loose or frayed. Check glassware for chips and cracks and report any defects found to your lab instructor.

Using a Lab Notebook A notebook is a chemist's most important tool and properly notebook keeping is an extremely valuable and important practice. During practical sessions this year, a hard-bound, lab notebook with the pages numbered must be used. The notebook will be used to record all experimental data including procedures, observations/results, and conclusions. The lab notebook can be purchased from the campus bookstore. Professionally, lab notebooks provide a record of your work and contain important legal documentation of the evidence of your work, the date of discovery and can be required in a legal proceeding. It is therefore imperative, that one develops the habit of writing a well-kept notebook.

How a Lab Notebook is Organized Your chemistry lab notebook should be a hard-bound (not spiral-bound) notebook with numbered pages. https://app.tophat.com/e/896767/assigned

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The first page of the lab notebook should be used as a cover page and should include your name, course, school, student number, chemistry advisor and email address (so it can be returned in case of loss). The second page should be le! blank to be used as a contents page. This page should be completed as the lab course progresses. Begin to write experimental data into the lab notebook from the third page onwards. Only write on the right-hand side page. The le!-hand side page is to be used for a risk assessment of the chemicals used and for writing down other information (e.g. adaptations to the original method, spectral data sheets or quick calculations). Make sure all pages are numbered and dated. All writing in the lab notebook should be in ink (blue or black), ideally with a ballpoint pen rather than a fountain pen as it is less likely to smudge if water is splashed on it. Lab notebooks need to be looked a!er carefully. Do not soil them with chemicals as they may transfer hazardous substances out of the laboratory. Space all work out well on the page so that the information is clear to anyone reading it. Once an experiment is completed, sign, date the end of the experiment and strike-out any empty space at the bottom of the page. What to include: The lab notebook is not a copy of the course lab manual, it is an account of what you have done. It may expand upon what is written in the lab manual and include important measurement data such as mass, time or temperature. It is also an account of observations (e.g. color/phase changes, the formation of bubbles, etc.) It is important to include the name(s) of any lab partners or group members and the date so that work can be monitored. If a second page is required, begin it with the experiment title and reference and the date, before continuing with the experiment notes. Answers to Prelab Questions: Experiment Title: (Self-explanatory) usually accompanied by a balanced chemical equation with structure, conditions and all reagents. Objective: The aim of the experiment should concisely explain the task for that lab session. Include a chemical reaction if applicable. Reagents: Materials for the experiment are written here. It is best practice where applicable to write down the molecular weight, the mass, the density, volume, moles, and relative equivalence of each reagent. When working with dangerous/toxic/reactive reagents, special safety precautions should be indicated in this section in a well-organized table. Procedure: A detailed account of everything that was actually done in the lab and includes any deviations https://app.tophat.com/e/896767/assigned

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from the lab manual. Use clear language and simple direct statements in a numbered list so that instructions can be followed easily in the laboratory. Do not use personal pronouns (such as ‘I’ or ‘we’). Use diagrams and labels where appropriate. Results: Tabulate your results, compare with theoretical values from the literature, reference your sources to the literature (see references section). Make no notes of procedures, do not write any conclusions, but include all of your observations, reaction times, and analysis that was performed. Take the lab notebook to the balances to record masses. Record your data directly in the lab manual when it is observed, do not transfer from dra!s to the notebook, this is considered poor practice. Have your lab partner initial and date your results when the experiment is complete. Additional details that will be useful for your lab report In addition to all of the sections outlined above for your lab notebook, it is also recommended that you include the following three sections to populate in preparation for your lab report: Introduction: This section should include brief background information on the theoretical aspects of the chemical reactions you are carrying out as well as any specific techniques or analysis (e.g., distillation or NMR). In addition, you should include information about why this particular type of experiment/reaction is important and include relevant examples of an application where possible. Discussion: The discussion is a more detailed account of each reaction you performed, color changes and observations. Include explanations of your observations. This is how you show you understand what you did, it is not just a summary of your experiment. Explain what happened and use support from your textbook and/or scientific journals (e.g., Journal of Organic Chemistry). A poor explanation means a poor grade for this section. Graphs may be necessary for the experiment. Each graph should be drawn on graph paper or generated electronically. Label your axes with the quantity and unit. If possible, give error bars on each point. Always use a ruler to draw straight lines. The discussion section needs to include a clear presentation of any calculations that can be followed by an assessor reading the lab notebook. Conclusion: The conclusion should state the experimental findings (including yield where applicable) and should include any error in the analysis and any notes about unusual findings or improvements that could be made if the experiment were to be performed again. https://app.tophat.com/e/896767/assigned

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Spectral Data: Attach or reference spectral data of compounds from the experiment and from the scientific literature Calculation of Percent Yield:

Lab Notebook Checklist This list is not intended to be comprehensive, but it is a very good place to start! Lab notebook entries for experiments should contain the following before they are handed to a demonstrator for marking at the end of each session: ฀ Experiment title and reference number(s) ฀ The date in full ฀ The names of any laboratory partners or group members ฀ Aim of the experiment ฀ Equations, where required ฀ Experimental plan/method and explanation of any experimental decisions ฀ Diagram of equipment ฀ Observations and comments on the chemistry ฀ Tables of data (where required) with column headings and units (no units in cells), either written directly into the lab notebook or printed o" and securely attached with glue or staples ฀ Graph of data (where required), either hand-drawn onto graph paper or printed o" and attached securely. https://app.tophat.com/e/896767/assigned

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Remember to include a title and label axes/units. Graphs should be self-explanatory and not need notes from other pages of the lab notebook to be understood by an observer. ฀ Discussion of key ideas and answers to questions posed in the laboratory manual ฀ Conclusion Use ink. Work clearly and legibly. Show work. Never scribble out mistakes, strikeout errors with a single line and write the correct information next to your correction. All errors in a lab manual should be indicated but they should also remain legible. Here is an example of what not to do in your lab notebook:

Figure 2. Remember to label everything in your lab notebook. [2]

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Question 1

Indicate the location of all emergency exits. Use a diagram if necessary. In the event of a fire, indicate the point of rendezvous for your group. https://app.tophat.com/e/896767/assigned

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Question 2

Indicate the location(s) of the nearest eye-wash station and the nearest safety shower.

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Indicate using a diagram the location of every fire extinguisher in the laboratory.

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Question 4

What should you do if you wear contact lenses to the laboratory?

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Question 5

What should I wear on my legs and feet in the lab during the summer months when it is very warm outside?

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Steeping some tea...

Steeping some tea...

Image credits [1] Image used with permission from PICTURES FROM AN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY. Photographed by: Kristov Hegerson, Lab Photo. [2] Image courtesy of M. Mastronardi.

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Exported for Rabieh Elhajjali on Mon, 25 Nov 2019 00:29:56 GMT

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