Classification of Enzymes PDF

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Lectured by Mrs. Jeannie Limayo, RMT, DTA...

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CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYMES Enzymes  Biologic catalyst  Produce endogenously  Products of exocrine  Protein by nature  Catalyzes metabolic chemical reaction of the body  Are neither consumed or destroyed  5 Enzyme Requirement to produce enzyme reaction;  Substrate  Receptor  Activator  Optimum Temp.  Optimum pH ENZYME CLASSIFIED BY REACTION TYPE 1. Adding suffix – ase  Dehydrogenase – remove hydrogen atoms  Protease – hydrolyses proteins 2. Modifiers many precede the name to indicate;  The substrate (Alanine Amintransferase)  The source of the enzyme (Pancreatic Ribonuclease)  Its regulation (Hormone – Sensitive Lipase)  A feature of its mechanism of action (Cysteine Protease) 3. Where needed alpha numeric designation are added to identify multiple forms of an enzyme  RNA Polymerase III 3 PROCESS OF ENZYME NOMENCLATURE 1. Trivial Name – adding – ase 2. IUB (International Union of Biochemist) – unique name/reaction of catalyzed and code number/code substrates involved. 3. EC (Enzyme Commission Numerical Code) – fastest way is to assign digits. a. 1st Digit – places enzyme in one of the 6 classes b. 2nd Digit – sub class c. 3rd Digit – sub subclass d. 4th Digit – serial number specific to each enzyme in sub subclass Enzyme Kinetics – “action” 2 CLASSES OF ENZYME KINETICS 1. Zero Kinetics – base on the enzyme concentration 2. First Order Kinetics – based on the concentration of substrate

6 CLASSIFICATIONS OF ENZYMES ENZYMES 1. Oxidoreductase

ACTION - Catalyzes oxidation and reduction

2. Transferase

- Catalyzes transfer of C-,N-,P- containing groups

3. Hydrolases

- Catalyze cleavage of bonds by addition of water

4. Lyases

- Catalyzes cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other covalent bonds by atom elimination - Catalyzes geometric or structural changes or rearrangement within a molecule - Catalyzes formation of bound between carbon and O, S, N coupled to hydrolysis of high energy phosphates

5. Isomerase

6. Ligases

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EXAMPLES Lactate dehydrogenase (1.1.1.27) Malate dehydrogenase Cytochrome dehydrogenase Xanthine oxidase Isocitate dehydrogenase Glutamate dehydrogenase Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Aspartate aminotransferase SGOT (2.6.1.1) Alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) Pyruvate kinase Creatinine kinase Glycogen phosphorylase Acid phosphatase (3.1.3.2) Alkaline phosphatase Urease Lipase Trypsin Pepsin Amylase Galactosidase 5’ Nucleotidase Elastase Cholineterase Aldolase (4.1.2.13) Pyruvate decarboxylase Glutamate decarboxylase Tryptophan decarboxylase Triosephosphate isomerase (5.3.1.1) Methylmalonyl CoA mutase Glucose phosphate isomerase Ribose phosphate isomerase Glutathione synthase (6.3.2.3) Pyruvate carboxylase...