Classnotes - Summary Severe & Hazardous Weather PDF

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Summary

Notes from the entire semester of the course....

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➔ Earth’s Atmosphere: ◆ Hella thin compared to other planets ◆ 99%(by weight density) of the atmosphere is within 20 miles of surface ◆ 50%(by weight density) of the atmosphere is within 18,000 ft of surface ➔ Brief History of Meteorology ◆ Meteor (air) + logy (study of) = study of air ◆ Circa 500 BCE - Parmenides ● Classified world climates by latitude as torrid, temperate, or frigid. These were based on sun angles. ● Antarctic/Arctic receives 1/5th the amount of radiation as the equator ◆ Circa 350 BCE - Aristotle writes Meteorologica ● Understood the hydrologic cycle ○ Evaporation -> condensation -> precipitation ◆ Circa 300 BCE - Book of Signs ● Weather forecasts based on phenomena ○ Phenomena such as wind speed/direction, animal behavior, cloud cover. ◆ Circa 1440 ● Rain Gauges ○ First in 1441/1442 Korea ◆ Circa 1450 ● Hygrometer - measures moisture in the air. Used wool, wool absorbs more moisture if the humidity is high. ◆ Circa 1450s ● Anemometer - Measures wind speeds ◆ Circa 1590-1600 ● Galileo invents thermometers ○ Temperature Conversions ◆ K = C + 273 ◆ C = 5/9 (F - 32) ◆ F = 9/5C + 32 ◆ 1638 ● Air Pressure ○ Pressure = weight/area ○ Weight = F = mg ○ P = mg/area ○ Atmospheric Pressure at sea level = ~1.1 x 10^6 dynes/cm^2 ◆ 1644 ● First weather data in America is recorded in Wilmington, DE ◆ 1643

● Barometer ○ Measures air pressure ○ Air pressure correlates very closely with weather ◆ Low pressure = clouds/rain ◆ High pressure = fine weather/ clear skies ◆ 1648 ● Balloons are used to study the atmosphere ◆ Air cools at 3.5 degrees per 1000 ft. ◆ Atmospheric makeup in dry air: ● 78% N2 ● 21% O2 ● 0.9% A ● 0.04% CO2 ➔ Hurricanes ◆ Hurricane Dorian - Current hurricane, September 2019 ◆ Hurricanes cannot happen at the equator because there is no coriolis force....