Clutch chem review PDF

Preview

Summary

a review to study for chemistry...

Description

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW*

www.clutchprep.com * This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

1

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* SUMMARY: The Scientific Method

PRACTICE: What is the difference between a theory and a scientific law?

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

2

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: Write the following number in scientific notation and round off to five significant figures: 0.00392708 x 10 81 . a) 3.9271 x 10 84 b) 3.9270 x 10 78 c) 0.39271 x 10 78 d) 3.9270 x 10 80 e) 3.9271 x 10 78

PRACTICE: Winnie the Pooh set out to help Rabbit count his carrots. However, Pooh has trouble counting and always leaves out the numbers 8, 9, and 10. The count that Pooh got for the various piles was 46, 39, 6, 18, and 11. The count that Rabbit (whose counting is always perfect) got for the same piles was 43, 36, 6, 15, and 8, respectively. Rabbit was very angry at Pooh. What can be said about Pooh’s results?

a) They are accurate but not precise b) They are precise but not accurate c) They are accurate and precise d) They are neither accurate nor precise e) Not enough information is given to make a decision about accuracy and precision.

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

3

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* SUMMARY: Metric Prefixes

PRACTICE: All of the following are SI base units of measurement, EXCEPT A) meter B) gram C) second D) kelvin E) mole

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

4

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* SUMMARY: Significant Figures

PRACTICE: How many significant figures are in the following? a. b. c. d. e.

6.022 x 1023 = 340384 = 10.00 = 8.1000 = 0.00000000003 =

SUMMARY: Energy, Heat and Temperature

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

5

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: Gallium is a solid at room temperature, but has a melting point of 302.91 K. Compared to the temperature of the human body, 98.6°F, which is true? A. Gallium melts at a lower temperature than body temperature, so it could melt in your hand if you hold it. B. Gallium melts at a higher temperature than body temperature, so it will not melt in your hand if you hold it. C. The melting point of gallium is less than the freezing point of water. D. The melting point of gallium is greater than the boiling point of water.

SUMMARY: Physical & Chemical Properties

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

6

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: Which of the following represents a physical property? a. Sodium metal is extremely reactive with chlorine gas. b. Aluminum has a tendency to "rust." c. Argon has an unreactive nature. d. Butane is highly flammable. e. Mercury is a silvery liquid at room temperature.

PRACTICE: Which of the following represents a chemical property of hydrogen gas? A) It is gaseous at room temperature. B) It is less dense than air. C) It reacts explosively with oxygen. D) It is colorless. E) It is tasteless.

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

7

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: Which of the following is true about methane in natural gas? A. The potential energy of methane is highest before methane combustion B. The potential energy of methane is highest after methane combustion C. The potential energy of methane is the same before and after combustion

PRACTICE: On the planet Tatooine, the unit of length is the zither which is defined by the relationship 7.50 cm = 1 zither. A distance of 100 meters would be _________ zithers. a. 133 b. 266 c. 750 d. 1.33 X 103 e. 7.5 X 104

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

8

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: The average person breathes 14 times per minute. Each breath is about 350 mL. The exhaled air is about 5.3% carbon dioxide. In all about 5,300 moles (44 g in a mole) of carbon dioxide are exhaled per person per year. If the human population of the earth is 7.2 x 109, how many kilograms of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere by all people in a year?

SUMMARY: Density

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

9

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: A student is trying to find out what metal the yard sale ring is made of. The ring, when dropped into a cup of water, displaces 0.5 mL of water. The mass of the ring is 2.2g. Determine the most likely metal that the ring is made from. Metal

density (g/ml)

Cu

8.96

Al

2.70

Ti

4.51

Fe

7.86

Au

19.3

Pt

2.4

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

10

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* SUMMARY: Mixtures

PRACTICE: Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture? a. gasoline b. vegetable oil and water c. sugar dissolved in water d. a and c e. a, b, and c

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

11

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* SUMMARY: Physical & Chemical Changes

PRACTICE: Which of the following is a chemical change? a. oil burns on a heating element. b. water forms dew on a leaf. c. Ice undergoes fusion to form liquid water. d. Solid ice is shattered. e. Propane evaporates from a grill.

PRACTICE: Which of the following are examples of physical change? A) sugar is dissolved in water. B) coffee is brewed. C) dry ice sublimes. D) ice (solid water) melts. E) All of these are examples of physical change.

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

12

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: Each of the following is an example of a chemical change EXCEPT _________. A. A bicycle rusting B. Burning toast C. Chocolate melting D. Fuel combusting E. Milk souring

PRACTICE: Give the number of protons, the number of neutrons, the number of electrons, and the approximate mass (in amu) for the following particle. 71Ga3+

number of protons

: ______

number of neutrons : ______

number of electrons

: ______

approximate mass (amu) : ______

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

13

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: Complete the following table by filling in the missing information for each row.

PRACTICE: The smallest unit of an element that has all of the properties of the element is a/an a. molecule. b. cell. c. atom. d. neutron.

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

14

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: Two samples of carbon tetrachloride were decomposed into their constituent elements. One sample produced 38.9 g of carbon and 448 g of chlorine, and the other sample produced 14.8 g of carbon and 134 g of chlorine. Are these results consistent with the law of definite proportions? Show why or why not.

PRACTICE: Rutherford's experiment with alpha particle scattering by gold foil established that: a. protons are not evenly distributed throughout an atom b. protons are 1840 times heavier than electrons c. electrons have a positive charge d. electrons have a negative charge e. atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons

PRACTICE: Which of the following elements is NOT correctly matched with its symbol? (A) sodium is Na (B) phosphorus is P (C) chlorine is Cl (D) carbon is C (E) neon is N

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

15

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: Identify the group or family to which each of the following elements belongs by placing the letter corresponding to the group in the blank to the left of the element. _____ potassium

A. Halogen

_____ fluorine

B. Transition metal

_____ magnesium

C. Alkali metal

_____ nickel

D. Alkaline earth metal

PRACTICE: Which of the following statements is/are correct? i. Au, Pb and Na are the symbols for gold, lead and sodium ii. K, S and Mn are the symbols for potassium, sulfur and magnesium iii. W, Ag and Ti are the symbols for tungsten, silver and titanium a. ii only b. iii only c. i and ii d. i and iii e. ii and iii

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

16

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: Which is the chemical symbol for silicon?

a. S b. Si c. Sn d. Se e. None of the given answers.

SUMMARY: Chemical Bonds

PRACTICE: Rank these bonds from most ionic to most covalent in character. K-F, Cl-F, F-F, Ca-F, Br-F

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

17

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: Consider the following compounds I. N2O4 II. Ca(NO3)2 III. SiH4 IV. SrBr2 Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. Two of the compounds from the list are ionic compounds. b. All of the compounds show empirical formulas. c. II contains both ionic bond and covalent bonds. d. Both I and III are covalent compounds.

PRACTICE: A pure covalent bond would form in which of these pairs of atoms? a. Br-Br b. H-Cl c. Na-Cl d. Se-Br e. Li-Br

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

18

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: Which of the following has the bonds ranked in order of increasing ionic character? 1. Cl-Cl < Si-Cl < Br-Cl < Mg-Br < Rb-Cl 2. Mg-Br < Rb-Cl < Si-Cl < Br-Cl < Cl-Cl 3. Cl-Cl < Br-Cl < Si-Cl < Rb-Cl < Mg-Br 4. Cl-Cl < Br-Cl < Si-Cl < Mg-Br < Rb-Cl

PRACTICE: Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched? Substance

Classification

A.

H2O

molecular compound

B.

Ni

metallic element

C.

CsF

covalent compound

D.

KF

ionic compound

PRACTICE: Which of the following is a molecular compound? A) NaNO3 B) SrSO3 C) RbBr D) N2O4 E) CuCl2

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

19

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: Which of the following is a molecular compound? A) RbI B) CuI2 C) NaNO3 D) N2O4 E) SrSO3

PRACTICE: Which of the compounds, Li 3P, PH3, C2H6, IBr3 are ionic compounds? A) only Li3P B) only C2H6 C) Li3P and PH3 D) PH3, C2H6, and IBr3

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

20

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: What are the different ways to represent compounds? Check all that apply. a. a ball and stick model b. a molecular formula c. a cylindric model d. a ball model e. the Kolbe formula f. a space-filling model g. an empirical formula h. a structural formula

PRACTICE: The type of bonding in the alloy brass (Cu plus Zn) is a) covalent b) metallic c) ionic d) Van Der Waals e) electrostatic

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

21

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* SUMMARY: Polyatomic Ions

PRACTICE: Bearing in mind the relationship between sulfate and sulfite or nitrate and nitrite, what is the formula of phosphite? (A) PO43(B) HPO43(C) PO42(D) PO33(E) PO32-

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

22

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: The ion MnO4– is called permanganate, which would you expect the formula of the manganate ion to be?

SUMMARY: Isotopes

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

23

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: The element bromine has an atomic weight of 79.9 and consists of two stable isotopes bromine-79 and bromine-81. The isotope bromine-79 has a mass of 78.9 amu and a percent natural abundance of 50.5%. The isotope bromine-81 has a percent natural abundance of 49.5%. What is the mass of bromine-81 in amu units?

PRACTICE: Which of the following statements about isotopes is TRUE? A) Isotopes of the same element don't usually have the same properties. B) An isotope of an atom with a larger number of neutrons is larger than an isotope of the same atom that contains fewer neutrons. C) Isotopes of the same element differ only in the number of electrons they contain. D) Isotopes of the same element have the same mass. E) Some elements have 3 or more naturally occurring isotopes.

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

24

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: A naturally occurring sample of an element contains only two isotopes. The first isotope has a mass of 68.9255 amu and a natural abundance of 60.11%. The second isotope has a mass of 70.9247 amu. Find the atomic mass of the element. a) 70.13 amu b) 69.72 amu c) 84.06 amu d) 69.93 amu

PRACTICE: Naturally occurring bromine consists of two isotopes, 79Br and 81Br with isotopic masses of 78.9183 and 80.9163, respectively. Given that the observed atomic mass of bromine is 79.904, calculate the percent abundance of 79Br and 81Br in naturally occurring bromine.

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

25

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: What is the name of N 2O?

PRACTICE: What is the name for SO3? A) sulfite B) sulfur (VI) oxide C) sulfur trioxide D) sulfur (III) oxide E) sulfur oxide

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

26

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: Determine the name for Cl2O. a. chlorine oxide b. dichlorine monoxide c. chlorine (I) oxide d. chlorine (II) oxide e. chlorate

PRACTICE: Which of the following formulas represents gallium sulfide? (A) GaS (B) Ga3S3 (C) Ga3S2 (D) Ga2S2 (E) Ga2S3

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

27

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: What is the molar mass of magnesium nitrate? (A) 38.3 g/mol (B) 43 g/mol (C) 74 g/mol (D) 86.3 g/mol (E) 148.3 g/mol

PRACTICE: The correct name for CuSO4·5H2O is A) cuprous sulfate pentahydrate B) copper(I) sulfate pentahydrate C) cuprous sulfate tetrahydrate D) copper(II) sulfate tetrahydrate E) copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate

PRACTICE: What is the correct name for FeCl3? a) iron(III) chloride b) iron trichloride c) ferrum trichloride d) ferric trichloride e) iron chloride

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

28

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: What is the chemical formula of the oxyacid perphosphoric acid? Express your answer as a chemical formula.

PRACTICE: All but one of the following compounds is named incorrectly. Which of the following statements is correctly named? 1. Iron (III) nitrate is Fe(NO3)3 2. Manganese sulfate is MnSO3 3. Bromic acid is HBrO 4. Lithium phosphide is Li3PO4

PRACTICE: An organic compound contains 5 carbon atoms and one triple bond would have the name of: a. b. c. d.

Propane Pentene Propyne Pentyne

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or university

29

VALENCIA - INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY - PROF. DA VALENCIA CHM 1025C DAVIS MIDTERM REVIEW* PRACTICE: Alkanes are compounds that contain only carbons and hydrogens single bonded to one another. They are sometimes referred to simply as “hydrocarbons”. State the names of the first 10 alkanes.

* This review was not prepared by your professor or school and is neither approved nor endorsed by your college or uni...