Cognitive Psychology Class 2 PDF

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Prof Lili Sahakyan. General Knowledge and history of Cognitive Psychology...

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Cognitive Psychology Class 2 Thursday, August 29, 2019

1:59 PM

Bigger or smaller word is easier to remember Grass Damage Solution

Rhodes & Castel Experiment

Small Word 151 441 520 830 10 2 0 11 3 0 Avg confidence: 3

Small font Prediction 49 Recall 17 Large font Prediction 61 Recall 17 People overestimate their ability to remember large things People think that they should adjust their study habit

Testing by the loudness Result: No influence by t information

What we think and how it Meta cognition illusion of

Simons & Chabris survey on belief 83 agree amnesia cause inability to remember 78 agree unexpected object grab attention 63 agree memory works like video camera 55 agree memory can be enhanced through hypnosis 37 agree single confident eyewitness should be enough to convict a criminal defendant

Study TI Take bre Taking n

Large Word 250 340 630 750 941 12 2 0 Avg confidence: 4

f information e loudness of

actually happen ont size/ loudness

S? k between study sessions ps help

criminal defendant Discrepancy between popular belief and scientific.

Hartwig & Dunlosky survey 324 student on study habits Good

Why i

Self testing

72

Imme

Spacing out

47

But th study

Participating 37

Not so good Cramming

66

Highlighting

72

Spacing o Learning memory

Planning Study Times 13

We use the wrong information when assessing learning We use our immediate experience (obvious choice) to judge our learning - not a good pr Hiding stuff (example of immediate experience) We hide in place we think that we are hard to find Its only hard for us, maybe not so much on others Benjamin et al on immediate experience Ask general knowledge Make prediction that can be recall later on Later: given a blank sheet to write down answer 2

t

cramming bad for memory ate memory is used re is a delay between exam and me

t study ake a long time that you get the

Yarbus Influencing eye movement ictor

2 outcome 1. Reaction time 2. Ability to recall Fast response: 80 prediction 40 recall 2nd : 70 p 50 r 3rd: 65 p 55 r Slow response: 50 p 70 r Conclusion: The faster the response, the harder to recall Harder question create long lasting memory

Cognitive psychology - the study of internal processes that are often unobservable - need converging evidence from different perspectives

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Wilhelm Wundt established first psychology laboratory invented introspection Analyze own sensation and report as objective as possible ○ Problem: it is subjective ○ What we think is not always what we does Modern introspection = verbal introspection

William James - Interested in habit learning - Published Principle of Psychology - Develop early and influential model of memory built on principles of associationism ○ Association triggers memory

John B W - Fo -

Pu Co

Edward T - Ne - Dis - No pe - Cre

atson nder of behaviorism Concerned with external observable behavior hed research on cognition into background tribution : emphasis on operational definition Specify how a concept is to be measured

olman -behaviorist nguished between performance and learning everything learned is immediate observable in ormance ted the notion of Cognitive maps

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Association triggers memory

○ ○ ○ ○ ○

The Cognitive Revolution Three main influence 1. Research on human performance a. how buttons aren't confusing b. how much luminous we need for reading 2. Linguistic a. Chomsky argue human has inborn ability to master language contradicts behav perspective 3. Computer Science a. AI bypass limit of human b. Need to know limit of human to study AI

He showed it to a rat Created a maze for rat When the roads are blocked they will not try other road but the only road left Proves that rat has their own cognitive map Rats know how to perform task efficiently

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