COM 110 Notes - in class PDF

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CHAPTER 1 What does it mean to be a member of an ethical speaking community? Show up to every class prepared to participate Why is practice important? Physical repertoire: your “go-to” moves Public speaking repertoire: similar “go-to” moves

What is Inclusive language and why does it matter? Inclusive language: name own experience and take responsibility for words they use to describe -represent ideas as ethically and authentically as possible -being prepared to take responsibility for what we say -proactively trying to understand how people name themselves or their experiences Political Correctness: self censoring or using exact right words When describing: be thoughtful, cautious, and take responsibility

What does it mean to use our bodies and not just our brains? What does diversity mean for this class? Diversity: wanting to recognize and honor the variety in our class -thoughts -experiences -histories Do NOT neutralize our differences CHAPTER 2 Introductory Speech Ethos: character and credibility as a speaker Pathos: emotional connection Logos: audiences point of view

Explicit – “Hey I’m worth listening to” “I’m a good speaker”

ImplicitTrait Apprehension -generalized fear of communication that inheres in our personality and is present across many different types of contexts State Apprehension -fear induced by a unique set of speaking circumstances Physiological Responses to Speaking in Public Xerostomia: cottonmouth or dry mouth Techniques for Managing Communication Apprehension Behavioral nervousness: bodily reactions Practice is vital to reducing anxiety Deliberate Practice: 1. Have clearly defined goal for each practice session 2. Repeat session until you get it right 3. Try to practice in the same room where you will give the real speech 4. Record yourself 5. Share recorded sessions to fine-tune and revise as necessary Slow it Down Deliberately slow down Emphasize critical points Maintaining Dialogic Self-Awareness 1. Build into your speaking outline reminders, prompts, question with “speaking cues” 2. Engage your audience by posing strategic questions throughout your speech 3. Single out a specific person or group of people in audience when creating an eampel 4.

8/28 introductory speech -Name, where from, grade, major pathos: emotion – speech: tell a story ethos: credibility – speech: be confident, tell facts logos: logic – speech?

Babysitting: -lots of experience -oldest of 12 cousins, oldest of 5 siblings -helped shape my future career, makes me money -responsibility, patience, leadership -attributes bring me confidence, its made me a good dog mom, made me a good leader, made me more aware and selfless

CHAPTER 3 Eloquence used as frequent stylistic device by Obama, MLK, Winston Churchill: Repetition Most appropriate type of style to use when delivering a speech to praise, memorialize, or celebrate (commemorative speaking): Grand Baseball commentators referring to “arms” (for pitchers) and “bats” (for hitters) is an example of what figure of speech: Synecdoche Reduce tension: humor Geico commercials – used to add clarity and often humor to a speech: analogies Type of metaphor that resonates deeply across time and cultures and used to dramatize fundamental aspects of human experience: archetypal Aristotle referred to this style as a “golden mean” : middle When a speaker repeats the same sounds: alliteration Romans emphasized this style of getting your point across with clarity and simplicity: plain

Class 8/31 Plain: -informative -clear, plain and precise -avoiding jargon -use examples and analogies -know your audience -humorous/ facts Middle:

-“business casual” -aiming for eloquence -using forms and figures of speech -think of a job interview (persuasive) -repetition -synecdoche – good for persuasive (use a part to stand in for the whole) Grand: -elevating or praising a person or event -alliteration -metaphors -beauty Metaphors: Comparing two different things that share something important in common -Archetypal metaphors: resonate deeply across time and culture Humor: -effective when relevant to the speech’s objectives -increases audience’s attention -enhances speaker’s credibility and audience’s mood -increases interest in a speech -helps an audience remember a speech’s content -employ judiciously to achieve maximum effect

-Humor in the subject -Humor in the occasion -Humor in the moment -“awkward” CHAPTER 4 Aristotle: ethos is controlling factor in compelling speechmaking Topic selection should always be intimately connected with audience analysis Middle ground between your interests and their interests Informative Speech 4-6 min long topic of choice clear purpose and goal must use at least 3 sources research brief full-text manuscript

Topic: Major/Academic Interests Personal interests Professional Interests Current Events CHAPTER 5 Audience Analysis Type of survey questions that offers a range of possible answers: scaled Remember setting, audience, and expectations when presenting a speech When it comes to audience, what are important factors: age, economics, politics Plato attempted to connect/pair: types of souls and types of speeches Aristotle’s belief in the Middle Way: the Golden Mean Situational Audience analysis: Nonverbal communication: how we convey our message through our use of face, voice, body Demographic audience analysis: generalization about certain types of people Nonverbal cue of proxemics: refers to way in which we use space and distance to communicate CLASS 9/11 Research brief: written citation and written speech due Wednesday ?? Logos- credible sources Ethos- knowing the topic Who, Where, When = audience Hierarchy of “Souls”

Plato’s Phaedrus: expert practitioner will expertly lead souls to achieve desired end Socrates’ second speech: each type of soul has corresponding speech Aristotle: Young, Middle, Old -Young: moldable, optimistic, deceivable, impulsive, humor -Old: skeptical, self-controlled, small-minded -Middle-aged: prime, combination

Aristotle- politics matter: know the country and its constitution. Political culture matter to what audience members value -Monarchy, aristocracy, democracy Demographics categories: Generalizing= homogenizing entire groups of people Diversity among groups: multicultural world render traditional audience analysis dangerously misleading Adapting to Physical surroundings: be flexible, adapt to changes -Too hot -too cold -too early -too loud Proxemics: the way in which we use space and distance to communicate -acknowledge it -empathize -smile of quick quip about the moment -practice situational outcomes

Topic: history of Delta Zeta Sorority at NC State -first Delta Zeta formation -6 women came together in 1902 to form social sorority at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio -Founders: Ala Loyd, Mary Collins, Anna Keen, Julia, Bishop, Mabelle Minton, Anne Simmons -Which turned in to the first ever Delta Zeta chapter founded on October 24, 1902 - whose purpose is to create among a group of women a true and lasting friendship, to encourage one another in the pursuit of knowledge, to promote values-based living and embrace social responsibility. -Colors : rose and green -Flower: Pink killarney rose -Jewel: diamond -Badge: roman lamp -mascot: Turtle -currently 166 college chapters in the US and Canada (www.deltazeta.org) -forming of Omicron Lambda -Founded April 26, 1992 -currently 95 members, and 52 pledges ?? -average gpa: 3.33

-winner of Sopher cup: highest award any sorority can win at NCSU (5/9 years) -take pride in academics, community serive and our philanthropy (speech and hearing) (https://dz.deltazeta.org/OmicronLambda) -Involvement in the community -Starkey hearing foundation – percentage nights, Oktoberfest, turtle trot -Painted turtle camp- service project -Frankie Lemmon- local involvement with volunteer days (https://www.deltazetancsu.com/) http://ncstatepanhellenic.com/delta-zeta/ Chapter 8 READING: “The figures don’t lie but the liars figure” refers to the fact that ... number need careful context to be understood correctly. Example of a primary source: original source of history When researching it is importance to know all sides of an issue because: so we can fully learn both sides in order to better refute one side, so when the facts don’t support our arguments we are open to changing our minds, so we don’t reject info because it challenges our values/beliefs Spatial metaphors of depth and proximity: empathize ethical obligation to carefully research and learn more about any topic on which we may speak The point of doing careful research is to: be an ethical speaker, support your specific purpose, and represent ideas accurately When transforming our research into supporting material, we should seek to contextualize our research by: putting a human face on things, disaggregating the numbers, comparing apples to apples An abstract refers to: a brief summary of an article’s findings Our author suggests an “aerial view” when seeking expansive primary research, and highlights which of the following as an excellent resource for such information? : The Federal Census

CLASS 9/13: Apa: author, year, page number Quality ResearchPrimary vs. Secondary Sources

Primary- witness to event, interviews, reporters, gov sources (things that happened at time of event) Secondary- newspapers, textbook (not happening at time event occurred)

Ehtos and logos – pushing for logos Federal Census: gives breakout info (demographics, geographics, education, etc)

CHAPTER 6 READING: Psychological theory of primacy-recency suggests: we are more likely to remember the first and last items conveyed orally in a series than what comes between When it comes to establishing our own credibility in a speech, our author suggests we should be: big and loud, direct, and modest A dialogic approach to beginnings means that we should: engage our audience with direct questions Aristotle’s moment of dramatic release was called: catharsis Introductions should: skillfully transition to the first main point, get the audience’s attention, preview our main points, advertise our credibility Conclusions should: re-state key points Rhetorical theorist Walter Fisher’s claim that we are homo sapiens and also homo narrans best indicates: we are hardwired to tell stories Concluding a speech by returning to the intro is often a great way to end: true Ted should have informed his speech teacher about his plans with the razor blade: true When it comes to closing an informative speech vs a persuasive, our author makes a distinction: which of the following is NOT included in the closing of an informative speech, but is an essential component of a persuasive speech? Call to action

Class 9/20 Ethos: member of DZ, passionate about it, using statistic/info correctly Organization: strong intro, 3 main points, and conclusion 4 – 6 minutes – aim for 5

Chapter 7 : organization Flow well Proceed logically What should follow Purpose determine pattern of speech Chronological order: Organized by time -historical perspective especially Spatial Sequence: Directional logic, when covering a certain physical space -illustrating geographic places -relationships between parts and the whole Topical Approach: Movement within, helps subdivide single subject into more discrete parts -informative speeches Casual Organization: See topic as two interrelated parts, correlation does not cause causation -“Twinkie Defense” bad causal logic Problem-solution order: Stresses relationships between two points, problem and solution -motivational speech **-Monroe’s Motivated Sequence – (attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, action) Refutative Design: Refutes major points in opposition point by point -Law & Order -directly engaging with argument -refutations done well are always transparent Using Connectives: Helps to recall info, and helps audience know where you are, what you’ve done and where you’re headed -Transitions -Signposts -Internal Previews -Internal Summaries (reviews)

Introduction: When I started college, I knew I wanted to join a sorority. What I didn’t know, is how big of an impact a sorority would have on my life. I joined Delta Zeta freshman year, and now as a senior I have a great appreciation for the organization. The friendships, opportunities and experiences I have acquired over the past few years have been endless. Today, I would like to tell a little bit about Delta Zeta, through an explanation of the establishment of the sorority, the formation of the sorority at NC state, and the chapter involvement in the community.

Class 10/2 Nonverbal communicationVocal expressions and body movements -shaking -sweating -no eye contact -fidgeting

Emilee Draper Miss. Foulke Com 110-005 10/2/17 1. I was able to learn specific details about my sorority through my research for the informative speech, such as the formation of the chapter on NCSU campus. I also learned how to write an intriguing introduction through guidance from the textbook and Miss Foulke. I executed connectives throughout my speech as well, in ways that I was not previously aware of. One of the most important things that stuck out in this chapter is that “purpose determines pattern of speech”. 2. I think I did a good job expressing my ethos throughout my speech. I thoroughly used three sources and in-speech citations. I also think I did a good job clearly stating my three main points in the introduction, and recapping them in the closing. The speech flowed well, with no awkward pauses and good transitions. My research brief gave clear descriptions as to why my sources were credible. 3. I know that I need to work on movement while giving my speech. I also need to improve on not reading off my manuscript. I can improve on these two issues by practicing my speech more. Opening up my hands will make my speech more inviting and knowing my information better will allow for more eye contact. I need to make sure I am correct on my APA citations for the next research brief, and can do so by double checking what I citation generator gives me. 4. I am not sure what topic I will use for my Point of View Speech, but I am looking forward to a more argumentative speech. I hope to find a topic that is both entertaining and enlightening to the audience. Using my viewpoint and counter arguments to portray my

position will be interesting. This is a longer speech, but I am hoping it will help me to improve with timing.

CHAPTER 9

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Ar i s t o t l e ’ sa ppe a lofe t ho sr e f e r st o. . .–t hes pe a ke r sc r e di bi l i t y “ Be c a us eIs a i ds o , ”e mpl o y swha tt ypeofl og i c ?–none( l o gi c a lf al l a c i e s ) Fo r mi nga sat ypeofpe r s uas i o nr e f e r st o. . .–ane wt o pi ct ha ty oura udi e nc ehas l i ke l yne v e rhe a r dbe f o r e Ar i s t o t l e ’ sa r t i s t i cpr oo fo f__ _ __ __i st heus eofwe l l r e a s one ds pe e c ht oi nflue nc e l i s t e ne r s .-l og o s

CLASS 10/4 Fallacies: bad logic Ad Hominem- attacking the person rather than their logic Straw Man- attacking the weaker argument than the one being made Non-sequitur- an argument unrelated to the one being made Slippery sloe – arguing that one step will lead inevitably to a drastic change

Possible topic: “adopt don’t shop”

CLASS 10/9 Scholarly  must be peer reviewed ( published : journals, colleges, etc) Credible  legit source (gov, research, websites, etc) Bias makes it not scholarly!  but it could be credible if published Main point primary argument (my point of view) 2 counter arguments must be addressed but not gone into detail CLASS 10/11 Possible topic: why you should eat organic produce Counters- more expensive, less options in stores Explaining credibility: Government website - straight from the source, probably not biased, .gov credibility Wikipedia- references only NY times – the author expertise and previous writings APA format

CHAPTER 10 QUIZ We are our own best feature: dress appropriately for topic and situation Kairos: fitting time or moment in a speech Visual aid using proportions ad color to relay info: pie chart

Do not pass visual aids around the room while speaking Appearance matters CLASS 11/1 You are you own best visual aid Don’t let Eye-Candy visual aid overpower the speaker Audience expectations Types of Visual Aid: Charts Graphs Tables Maps Pictures Videos Drawing Physical object Plan for contingencies Class 11/8 Advocacy – call to action OPT or Starkey Hearing 3-5 min, visual required, 3 sources, research brief, outline research brief due Wednesday before Thanksgiving ??

CLASS 11/11 Research Brief due MONDAY 3 sources 2 counter arguments Call to action Presentational aid required --? Bag? Picture, video? Outline: BULLET POINTS Intro -call to action

Point 1,2,3 -sources -counterargument Conclusion -restatement of claim& closing point 1 : problem point 2: OPT point 3: solution… call to action

Source 1: http://www.operationprettythings.org/ -every 9 seconds one woman is beaten by her husband or partner in the US -OPT mission: to love and empower women victimized by domestic violence by giving hope -come alongside DV shelters to provide women with the necessary tools to help introduce survivors of DV to the workplace and society -deliver bags full of health and beauty items to women in shelters Source 2: https://ncadv.org/statistics -“Willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another” -both emotional and physical health (correlated with higher rate of depression and suicidal behavior)

Source 3: https://nnedv.org/mdocs-posts/domestic-violence-and-sexual-assault-factsheet/ -Economic barriers are often the reason women stay in abusive relationships “access to resources that increase economic stability are essential in rebuilding a life after abuse” BUT WHEN THEY DO LEAVE---“victims are often punished for the actions of their abusive partners” often including leaving their home, belongings, and financial safety

CALL to action: Black Box Initiative: annual drive to collect cosmetic and beauty essentials Lips, eyes, hands/feet, face, bath& body, hair OR donate online to keep the nonprofit running Counterarguments: Black Box Drive held in Wilmington, NC This organization mainly supports NC shelters – not national organization So many other organizations that support DV

I.

NCADV | National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://ncadv.org/statistics

NNEDV. (n.d.). Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Factsheet. Retrieved from https://nnedv.org/mdocs-posts/domestic-violence-and-sexual-assault-factsheet/...