Complete Blood Count - Lecture notes 1 PDF

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COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT - no fasting ; men – 4 to 6 mm ; women – 4 to 5 mmRED BLOOD CELL COUNT = the number of rbc per cubic millimetre INCREASED = dehydration, polycythemia vera, high altitude, cardiovascular disease DECREASED = blood loss, anemias overhydration, leukemia, chronic renal failure,preg...

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COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT - no fasting ; men – 4.6 to 6.0 mm ; women – 4.0 to 5.0 mm RED BLOOD CELL COUNT = the number of rbc per cubic millimetre

 INCREASED = dehydration, polycythemia vera, high altitude, cardiovascular disease  DECREASED = blood loss, anemias overhydration, leukemia, chronic renal failure, pregnancy HEMOGLOBIN = composed of a pigment / heme which contains iron, and a protein / globin ; men – 13.5 to 18 ; women – 12 to 15

 INCREASED = dehydration, polycythemia vera, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure

 DECREASED =

Blood loss, anemia, kidney disease, cancer

HEMATOCRIT / HCT = packed cell volume /HCT / PCV/ CRIT is a fast way to determine the percentage of rbc in the plasma. The HCT is reported as a percentage because it is the concentration of RBC in the blood ; men – 80 to 98 ; women – 78 to 102

 INCREASED = dehydration, burns, hypovolemia  DECREASED = acute blood loss, pregnancy, dietary deficiency, anemia RBC INDICIES MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME / MCV = mean or average size of the individual rbc ; men – 80 to 98 ; women – 78 to 102

 INCREASED = chronic liver disease, pernicious anemia  DECREASED = microcytic iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN / MCH = amount of hemoglobin present in one cell ; 25 to 35 pg

 INCREASED = macrocytic anemia  DECREASED = radiation MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION / MCHC = the proportion of each cell occupied by hemoglobin ; 31 to 37 %

 INCREASED = rarely seen  DECREASED = hypochromic anemia

COMPONENT

NORMAL FINDINGS

INCREASED

DECREASED

WHITE BLOOD CELL OUNT  Total number of wbc in a cubic millimetre of blood

4,500 – 11,000

Acute infections Tissue necrosis Myocardial infarction Collagen disease

Viral infections Hematopoletic disease Rheumatoid arthritis

DIFFERENTIAL COUNT  Proportion of each of the 5 types of wbc in the sample of 100 wbc

50-70%

Acute infection

Viral disease Leukemia Aplastic and iron deficiency

LYMPHOCYTES

25-35%

Viral infection Chronic infection Lymphocytic leukemia

MONOCYTES

4-6%

EOSINOPHIL

1-3%

BASOPHIL

0.4-1.0%

Viral disease Parasitic disease Collagen disease cancer Allergic reactions Phlebitis Thrombophlebitis Parasitic infestation Leukemia Inflammatory process

Cancer Leukemia Multiple sclerosis Renal failure Lymphocytic leukemia Aplastic anemia

PLATELET COUNT  Platelets are basic elements in the blood that promote coagulation

150,000 – 400,000

 NEUTROPHIL

Infections Polycythemia vera Acute blood loss splenectomy

Stress, burns, shock Adrenocortical hyperfunction Hypersensitivity reaction Stress Pregnancy Idiopathic / unknown cause Thrombocytopenic purpura Cancer Systemic lupus erythematosus Some types of anemias

SERUM ELECTROLYTES Normal Values Sodium (Na+) 35 - 145 mEq/L Potassium (K) 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L Ionized Calcium (Ca++) 4.5 -5.5 mg/dL Calcium (Ca++) 8.5 -10.5 mg/dL Bicarbonate (HCO) 24 - 30 mEq/L Chloride (CI) 95 - 105 mEq/L Magnesium (Mg++) 1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L Phosphate (PO ) 2.8 - 4.5 mg/dL

ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES / ABG pH : 7.35 to 7.45 PaO2: 75 to 100 mmHg PaCO2: 35 to 45 mmHg HCO3: 22 to 26 mEq/L

BLOOD CHEMISTRY Total plasma protein 95±12 (10) Albumin 43±7 (4) Globulin 44±17 (4) Alkaline phosphatase (AP)

137±82 (4)

Alanineaminotransferase (SGPT)

81 ± 41 (4)

Aspartateaminotransferase (SGOT) Creatine kinase (CK)

158 ± 44 (4)

116 ± 68 (4)

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)...