Composition of blood - notes PDF

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UNDERSTANDINGEACHCOMPONENTOFTHECBC AUTHOR: DeborahL.Buckley,MBA,MT(ASCP)

COURSECODE:H020 CONTACTHOURS:4 COURSELEVEL:Basic ASCLSP.A.C.E.#:511‐620‐17PACE # Expiration:June30,2019

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Cont inuing Educat ion Unlimited 6231 PGA Blvd 888-423-8462

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General Fax:

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Suite 104,

561-775-4933

PROVI DER # s:

Florida:

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#306

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Palm Beach Gardens, FL

Answer Sheet ONLY Fax:

50-2256

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California:

0001

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33418

561-775-4948 ASCLS P.A.C.E.:

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COURSEOBJECTIVES Attheendofthiscoursethelearnerwillbeableto: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

RecallthecompositionofHumanBlood,discussin iquidandcellularportions. ListeachcomponentofaCompleteBloodCount(CBC)andhowthetestisperformed. Statethenormalvaluesforatotalredbloodcellcount(RBC),listingthecausesforincreasedordecreasedvalues. ListtheRBCindiciesincludedinaCBCandrecallthecausesofincreasedanddecreasedvaluesofeach. Statethenormalvaluesforatotalwhitebloodcellcount(WBC),listingthecausesforincreasedordecreasedvalues. ListthefivedifferenttypesofWBCsanddiscussthereasonsforincreasedordecreasedvaluesofeach. StatethenormalvaluesforPlatelets,listingthecausesforincreasedordecreasedvalues. Discussautomatedandmanualdifferentials

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Last Revised 11/09/12

Continuing Education Unlimited 6231 PGA Blvd , Ste 104 / #306 Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418 General Fax: 561-775-4933 / Answer Sheet Only Fax: 561-775-4933

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Continuing Education Unlimited 6231 PGA Blvd , Ste 104 / #306 Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418

Last Revised 11/09/12

General Fax: 561-775-4933 / Answer Sheet Only Fax: 561-775-4933

Phone: 561-775-4944 / Web: www.4CEUINC.com

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UNDERSTANDING EACH COMPONENT OF THE CBC Categories: Hematology | Contact Hours: 4 | Course Code: H020

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1.)

Plasma makes up _____ of whole blood. A. 35% B. 55% C. 75%

2.)

Brown or amber colored plasma would most likely be from ___________. A. a traumatic or difficult blood draw B. elevated chylomicrons C. liver disease

3.)

Platelets are part of the Lymphoid cell line. A. True B. False

4.)

Lavender top tubes, used for performing a CBC, contain ___________. A. EDTA B. Sodium citrate C. Sodium heparin

5.)

Healthy RBCs have an average lifespan of _____ days. A. 50 B. 80 C. 120

6.)

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An elevated RBC count is known as known as _____________. A. anemia B. polycythemia C. hematosis

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UNDERSTANDING EACH COMPONENT OF THE CBC - QUIZ PAGE 2 -

7.)

Hemoglobin’s binding affinity for carbon monoxide (CO) is ___ times greater than for oxygen (O2). A. 25 B. 100 C. 250

8.)

A decreased blood volume in a patient with a normal hematocrit would be seen with: A. Fluid overload B. polycythemia C. Acute blood loss

9.)

If a patient has an elevated MCV over 100fl, you would expect to see _______ on a peripheral smear. A. microcytes B. normal, healthy RBCs C. macrocytes

10.) Acute blood loss would cause a _______________ anemia. A. normocytic, normochromic B. microcytic, hypochromic C. macrocytic, normochromic 11.)

Anemia caused by Folate or B12 deficiency would give the following RDW/MCV pattern: A. elevated RDW, decreased MCV B. decreased RDW, decreased MCV C. elevated RDW, elevated MCV

12.) Nucleated RBCs can interfere with an automated WBC count. A. True B. False 13.) A leukemoid reaction is considered a benign syndrome. A. True B. False 14.) _____ of CML and _____ of CLL patients are initially asymptomatic A. 90%, 20% B. 20%, 50% C. 40%, 70%

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UNDERSTANDING EACH COMPONENT OF THE CBC - QUIZ PAGE 3 - 15.) In a healthy patient, neutrophils typically make up ______ of the WBCs in the body. A. 15%-20% B. 25%-50% C. 50%-70% 16.) Increased eosinophils are typically found in: A. Cushing’s syndrome B. Parasitic infections C. Nutritional deficiencies 17.) Basophils have _____ receptors on their surface membranes. A. IgA B. IgG C. IgE 18.) On A. B. C.

a peripheral smear reactive lymphocytes are often mistaken for a __________. monocyte neutrophilic band cell megakaryocyte

19.) CD8+ T cells are also called ___________. A. T-helper cells B. natural killer cells C. cytotoxic T cells 20.) Monocytes are the largest of the normal peripheral circulating blood cells. A. True B. False 21.) When a monocyte moves from the peripheral circulation into the tissues it becomes a ____________. A. plasma cell B. natural killer cell C. macrophage 22.) Platelet counts performed on blood that’s been drawn in a sodium citrate tube to prevent platelet clumping, must be multiplied by 2.0 before reporting the corrected platelet count. A. True B. False

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Table of Contents  HUMAN BLOOD ...................................................................................................... 1 Composition of Blood ............................................................................................ 1 Plasma ............................................................................................................. 1 Cells ................................................................................................................ 5 COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT ...................................................................................... 7 CBC Specimen ..................................................................................................... 7 Components of the CBC ........................................................................................ 8 Performing the Test .............................................................................................. 8 Total Cell Counts ............................................................................................... 8 Indices ............................................................................................................. 9 Differential ....................................................................................................... 9 RED BLOOD CELL COUNT AND RED BLOOD CELL INDICES ..................................... 9 Total RBC Count .................................................................................................. 10 Low RBC Count ................................................................................................ 11 Elevated RBC Count .......................................................................................... 11 Hemoglobin ........................................................................................................14 Structure of Hemoglobin .................................................................................... 14 Decreased Hemoglobin Values ............................................................................15 Increased Hemoglobin Values .............................................................................15 Signs and Symptoms of Hemoglobin Changes ....................................................... 15 Hematocrit .........................................................................................................16 Common interfering Factors ............................................................................... 18 Decreased Hematocrit Values .............................................................................19 Increased Hematocrit Values .............................................................................. 19 Signs and Symptoms of Hematocrit Changes ........................................................ 19

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MCV ..................................................................................................................20 Decreased MCV ................................................................................................ 21 Elevated MCV ................................................................................................... 21 MCH ..................................................................................................................21 Decreased MCH ................................................................................................22 Elevated MCH ..................................................................................................22 MCHC ................................................................................................................22 Normocytic, Normochromic Anemia ..................................................................... 24 Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia .........................................................................24 Macrocytic, Normochromic Anemia...................................................................... 24 Microcytic, Normochromic Anemia ....................................................................... 24 RDW.................................................................................................................. 25 Disease states that can affect the RDW are: .........................................................26 Anemia With Normal RDW .................................................................................26 AnemiaS With An Elevated RDW ......................................................................... 26 WHITE BLOOD CELLS ........................................................................................... 27 Total WBC .......................................................................................................... 28 Low WBC Count................................................................................................ 29 Elevated WBC Count .........................................................................................30 Neutrophils......................................................................................................... 33 Decreased Neutrophil Count ...............................................................................34 Increased Neutrophil Count................................................................................ 35 Eosinophils .........................................................................................................35 Decreased Eosinophil Counts .............................................................................. 36 Increased Eosinophil Counts ...............................................................................37 Treatment of Eosinophilia ..................................................................................37 Basophils ...........................................................................................................37 viii

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Decreased Basophil Count.................................................................................. 38 Increased Basophil Count .................................................................................. 39 Lymphocytes ......................................................................................................39 Decreased Lymphocyte Count ............................................................................42 Increased Lymphocyte Count ............................................................................. 42 Closer Look at the Different Lymphocyte Populations ............................................. 43 Monocytes ..........................................................................................................45 Monocyte Subpopulations .................................................................................. 46 Decreased Monocyte Count ................................................................................46 Increased Monocyte Count .................................................................................46 Macrophages ...................................................................................................47 PLATELETS .......................................................................................................... 48 Platelet Structure .............................................................................................49 Total Platelet Count ........................................................