Comprehensive notes TORTS PDF

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Comprehensive notes for TORTS...

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JURD7161/LAWS1061 Torts

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BREACH ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 STANDARD OF CARE ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 General ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Age/Children .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Mental illness/disability ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Knowledge/Skill ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Professionals .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Failure to Warn ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

REASONABLE FORESEEABILITY + NOT INSIGNIFICANT ................................................................................................................................... 6 Test .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Reasonable foreseeability ................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 ‘Not insignificant’ ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

CALCULUS OF NEGLIGENCE .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Test .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Probability of harm .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Gravity of likely seriousness of the harm .........................................................................................................................................................6 Burden of taking precautions........................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Social utility ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

CASES ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Standard of care............................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 McHale v Watson (1966) .............................................................................................................................................................................7 Carrier v Bonham (2001) .............................................................................................................................................................................7 Imbree McNeilly (2008) ...............................................................................................................................................................................7 Rogers v Whittaker(1992) ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Reasonable foreseeability/not insignificant.....................................................................................................................................................8 Doubleday v Kelly (2005) .............................................................................................................................................................................8 Wyong v Shirt (1980)...................................................................................................................................................................................8 Calculus ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Bolton v Stone (1951) .................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Rta v Dederer (2007) ...................................................................................................................................................................................9 Parisv Stepney Borough (1951) ................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Woods v Multi Sport Holdings (2002).......................................................................................................................................................... 9

LEGISLATION ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 5B General principles................................................................................................................................................................................10 5O Standard of care for professionals ..................................................................................................................................................... 10 5P Division does not apply to duty to warn of risk ..................................................................................................................................10

CAUSATION .............................................................................................................................................................................. 11 LEGISLATION ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 ELEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 LIMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Novus actus interveniens ...............................................................................................................................................................................11 Multiple Successive Causes ............................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Exceptional cases ...........................................................................................................................................................................................12

FAILURE TO WARN ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12 CASES ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 ‘But for’ test ...................................................................................................................................................................................................12 March v Stramare 1991 HCA .....................................................................................................................................................................12 Amaca v Ellis 2010 HCA .............................................................................................................................................................................12 Adeels Palace v Moubarak 2009 HCA Facts ..............................................................................................................................................12 Strong v Woolworths 2012 HCA ................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Novus actus interveniens ...............................................................................................................................................................................13 Chapman v Hearse 1961 HCA....................................................................................................................................................................13 Haber v Walker [1963] VR 339 ..................................................................................................................................................................13 Mahoney v Kruschich Demolitions 1985 HCA ............................................................................................................................................13 Caterson v Commissioner for Railways 1973 HC .......................................................................................................................................13 Haynes v G Horwood & Sons 1935 ............................................................................................................................................................13 Multiple Successive Causes ............................................................................................................................................................................ 14 Baker v Willoughby ...................................................................................................................................................................................14 Jobling v Associated Dairies (1982) ...........................................................................................................................................................14

REMOTENESS ........................................................................................................................................................................... 15 ELEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Eggshell Skull ..................................................................................................................................................................................................15

CASES ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 15

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The Wagon Mound (No 1) (1961) .............................................................................................................................................................15 The Wagon Mound (No 2) (1967) .............................................................................................................................................................15 Hughes v Lord Advocate ............................................................................................................................................................................16 Jolley v Sutton LBC ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Stephenson v Waite Tileman .....................................................................................................................................................................16 Smith v Leech Brain & Co Ltd..................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Nader v Urban Transit Authority of NSW ..................................................................................................................................................17 Kavanagh v Akhtar .................................................................................................................................................................................... 17

CONCURRENT LIABILITY............................................................................................................................................................ 18 VICARIOUS LIABILITY ................................................................................................................................................................ 18 ELEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 18 Employee/Independent Contractor ...............................................................................................................................................................18 Acting in the course of employment .............................................................................................................................................................. 18

LEGISLATION ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 CASES ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 19 Hollis v Vabu (2001) NSWCA>HCA.............................................................................................................................................................19 Sweeney v Boylan Nominees (2006)..........................................................................................................................................................19 NSW v Lepore (2003) HCA ......................................................................................................................................................................... 19

NON-DELEGABLE DUTY ............................................................................................................................................................. 20 PRINCIPLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 ELEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 20 Dangerous activity or substance .................................................................................................................................................................... 20

LEGISLATION ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 CASES ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Burnie Port Authority v General Jones P/L (1994) HCA .............................................................................................................................20

TORT OF BREACH OF STATUTORY DUTY ................................................................................................................................... 22 ELEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 22 CASES ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 22 A. Right to sue ................................................................................................................................................................................................22 O’Connor v SP Bray Ltd (1937) 56 CLR 464 ................................................................................................................................................22 Cutler v Wandsworth Stadium Ltd [1949] AC 398 .....................................................................................................................................22 Byrne v Australian Airlines Ltd (1995) 185 CLR 410 ...................................................................................................................................23 B Class of persons ..........................................................................................................................................................................................23 Read v Croydon Corporation (1938) 55 TLR 212........................................................................................................................................ 23 Pask v Owen [1987] 2 Qd 421 ...................................................................................................................................................................23 C Preventing kind of harm suffered ...............................................................................................................................................................23 Gorris v Scott (1874) LR 9 Ex 125...............................................................................................................................................................23 Mummery v Irvings (1956) 98 CLR 99........................................................................................................................................................ 23 D Legislative duty imposed on defendant ......................................................................................................................................................24 Darling Island Stevedoring and Lighterage Co Ltd v Long (1957) 97 CLR 36 ......................................