Conclusion Metacentric Lab Report PDF

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conclusion for metacentric lab report and result for bernoulli...

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CONCLUSIONIt is concluded that the position of metacentre of a floating bodydecreases as the distance from the centre of gravity increases. This shows that the stability of a floating body also decreases. The procedureof determination of metacentric height, as well as application to thestability of floating bodies has been discussed. For a stable equilibrium,the metacentric height must be above of its centre of gravity.

It is determined that as the distance between the centre of gravity and the metacentre of a floating body grows, the position of the metacentre of the floating body decreases. This demonstrates that the stability of a floating body reduces as well. The process for determining metacentric height has been studied, as well as its application to the stability of floating bodies. The metacentric height must be higher than the centre of gravity for a stable balance.

According to the results of the experiment, the stability of the floating body is determined by the value of the metacentric height. The metacentric height must be greater than the gravity cente in order for the floating body to be stable. The table shows that the less stable the floating body is the lower the metacentric height value and the larger the angles indicated. To put it another way, the greater the metacentric height, the more stable the floating body becomes.

Result Q = 10 LPM or 1.667 × Tub

Pressur

−4

10

Area, A 2

m3/s Velocit

Velocity

Total

Distanc

Diamet

head,

head,

e, (m)

er tube

(m/s)

(m/s) 0.000

(m) 0.025

0.060 0.068 0.073 0.082 0.142

0.014 0.012 0.010 0.001 0.025

e

e head

(m )

y,

a

(m) 0.190

4.9087 ×

(m/s) 0.3396

5.8781 × 10− 0.1959

−4

b c d e f

0.225 0.125 0.081 0.010 0.060

10 1.5175 × 10 1.5175 × 10 1.5175 × 10 1.5175 × 10 1.5175 × 10

1.0985 1.5243 1.9539 2.1224 0.3396

0.0615 0.1184 0.1752 0.2296

5.8781 × 10−

0.2865 0.2434 0.2562 0.2396 0.0659

The objectives of this experiment is to investigate the validity of the Bernoulli equation when applied to the steady flow of water in a tapered duct and to measure the flow rates and both static and total pressure heads in a rigid convergent and divergent tube of known geometry for a range of steady flow rates. This experiment is based on the Bernoulli’s principle which

relates between velocities with the pressure for an in viscid flow. To achieve the objectives of this experiment, Bernoulli’s theorem demonstration apparatus along with the hydraulic bench were used. This instrument was combined with a venture meter and the pad of manometer tubes which indicate the pressure of A until H but for this experiment only the pressure in manometer A until F being measured. A venturi is basically a converging-diverging section (like an hourglass), typically placed between tube or duct sections with fixed cross-sectional area. The flow rates through the venturi meter can be related to pressure measurements by using Bernoulli’s equation. From the result obtained through this experiment, it is been observed that when the pressure difference increase, the flow rates of the water increase and thus the velocities also increase for both convergent and divergent flow. The result show a rise at each manometer tubes when the pressure difference increases. As fluid flows from a wider pipe to a narrower one, the velocity of the flowing fluid increases. his is shown in all the results tables, where the velocity of water that flows in the tapered duct increases as the duct area decreases, regardless of the pressure difference and type of flow of each result taken. From the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that the velocity of water decrease as the water flow rate decrease. For slow flow rate (Reading 2), the velocity difference at cross section A for water flow rate is (0.591 m/s), B (0.858 m/s), C (1.562 m/s), D (1.000 m/s), E (0.826 m/s), F (0.591 m/s). Also for medium flow rate (Reading 3), the velocity difference at cross section A for water flow rate is(0.738 m/s), B (1.071 m/s), C (1.950 m/s), D (1.248 m/s), E(1.032 m/s), F (0.738 m/s). At the same time, for fast flow rate (Reading 1), the velocity difference at cross section A for water flow rate is (0.8625 m/s), B (1.251 m/s), C (2.279 m/s), D (1.459 m/s), E (1.2053 m/s), F (0.863 m/s). So, it can be concluded that the diameter of the tube will affect the differences in velocity as a bigger tube will cause the differences in velocity become bigger while the smaller tube cause the velocity differences between ViB and Vic to be smaller. The flow rate of the difference flow also different. From the result, we can see that the flow rate of slow condition (Reading 2) is 0.000314 m3/s, then for medium flow rate (Reading 3) is 0.000392 m3/s and lastly for the fast rate (Reading 1) is 0.000458 m3/s. So we can conclude that the fast flow rate is higher than slow flow rate. There must be some parallax and zero error occurs when taking the measurement of each data. The observer must have not read the level of static head properly. Moreover, the eyes are not perpendicular to the water level on the manometer. Therefore, there are some minor effects on the calculations due to the errors. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Bernoulli’s equation is valid when applied to steady flow of water in tapered duct and absolute velocity values increase along the same channel. Although the experiment proof that the Bernoulli’s equation is valid for both flow but the

values obtain might be slightly differ from the actual value. This is because there is some error maybe happen during the experiment is done. While taking the reading of themanometer, there might be possibility that the eye position of the readers is not parallel to the scale. Thus, this error will contribute to the different in the values obtained. Other than that, the readers must take the accurate reading from the manometers. In order to get the accurate value, the water level must be let to be really stable. Thus, a patient is needed in order to run this experiment successfully because sometimes the way the experiment is conduct may influence the result of the experiment....