Conflict:Critical Theory and The Family PDF

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Thursday, February 11, 2021

Conflict/Critical Theory and The Family What is the Family!

- An arena for power struggles ! - Power dependent upon access to value resources! • Similar iniquity in power and authority to larger social structure ! - Economic and Cultural ! How is economic power utilized in the Family?!

- Performance of family status roles ! - Division of Household Labour! - Enforcement of rules: Parents to Children! - Domestic Violence ,Sexual Assault, Marital Rape, Incest ! - Social Construction of ‘The Family’ ! • Heteronormative! - Social Construction of Female Domesticity ! • Femininity vs. Masculinity ! - Impact of Race/Ethnicity! • Diversity of Family structures and roles ! What does this mean for sports?!

- Conflict Theory ! • Family a place to reproduce inequitable economic structure ! - Competitive Sports a conduit to teach these values ! - Competition in sport produces alienation amongst youth ! - High costs associated with elite sport reproduces class inequalities ! - Critical Theory ! • Family a place to reproduce or challenge socially constructed identities !

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- Gender roles and Heteronormativity reinforced through traditional sport participation !

- Race/Ethnicity determines patterns of participation ! - Ability of sports to challenge and replace prevailing cultural norms ! How might we capture these assumptions through data? !

- Operationalize power relations in the Family! • Incidences of Abuse, Neglect! • Division of Household Labour! • Attitudes on familial roles ! - Conveyed through sport ! • Youth participation rates ! • Family expenses on sports ! • Attitudes of youth athletes! English/French Canadian Differences in Types of Sport Participation: Testing the School Socialization Explanation !

- White and Curtis! • Investigate value differences between French and English families on rates of participation in sports !

- Competitive Sport ! - Outside the family environment ! English/French Canadian Differences in Types of Sport Participation !

- English vs. French ! • English the dominant group in Canada: Economic Performance ! - Cultural Values: Importance of Competition and Achievement ! - Cultural Domination: English Conquest over the French! • Analyze these two views through sport participation ! - Indicative of values towards Competition ! 2

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- Importance of values instilled in the Family ! - View through organization of sports in school system ! - Theoretical Lens ! • Value Differences in Competition ! - English stronger participation in competitive sport ! - French stronger sense of collective identity and importance of the family structure !

- Religious Differences: Catholic vs. Protestant ! - Effects of the Quiet Revolution (1950s): Homogenization Thesis! • SchoolSocialization ! - Effects of sport participation in youth on later adult participation ! - Generally a positive correlation! - Methods! • 1976 National Survey Data: 35,921 Respondents over 20yrs ! - Chronologically relevant ! • Multivariate analysis ! • Sport participation within and outside the family: competitive and non-competitive ! - “Have you participated in any of the following physical activities in the past 12 months?” !

- “How many times?” / “With whom did you participate?” / “What context do you participate in?” !

• 5 Measures of Participation for 3 categories of sport involvement ! - Categories: General Sport, Competitive Sport, Extra-Family Sport ! - Measures: % Involved, Sustained Involvement, # of Sports, Overall Sport Involvement, Frequency of Participation per Sport !

• Measure Family Involvement ! - Competitive and Non-Competitive ! - Involvement in High School Sport ! • Control Variables ! - Education Level, Age, Community Sizes!

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- Findings! • Few language group differences in general sport involvement ! - More French participation once High School Sport and Social factors controlled ! • Significant language group difference in competitive sport involvement ! - 8% more for English Men and 7% more for English Women ! - More sustained participation and more sports participated in for Anglophones ! - More extra-family sport participation for Anglophones ! - More High School sport participation for Anglophones: Intramural and Interschool Sports !

• Correlated to more participation in competitive extra-family sports in adulthood!

- More non-competitive and family sport participation for Francophones ! • Language Group Differences! - Findings exaggerated in the Youth (20-29) ! • More English in Competitive Sport, more French in family and non-competitive sport!

- Does not support Homogenization Thesis ! - Adults with no experience in interscholastic or intramural sport participate in more non- competitive family sports !

- Conclusions ! • Support Values - Differences and School - Socialization Interpretations ! - Differ on the role of competition in both language groups ! - Reflected in larger public policy ! • Too soon to make a judgement on Homogenization Thesis ! - Limitations! • What about earlier childhood participation? ! • What about external opportunities to participate?! • Are these current or traditional value differences?

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