Contempo- College of Education Module 10-11 World of Ideas: Global Media Culture and Globaliza PDF

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First Semester - Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in social studies College of Education Module 10-11
World of Ideas: Global Media Culture and Globalization of Religion...

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Republic of the Philippines

PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur

College of Education Module 10-11 World of Ideas: Global Media Culture and Globalization of Religion Name of Student:

Week/Period: 10-11 /October18-29, 2021

Course Code: GE3

Name of Faculty:

Course Title: The Contemporary World

Semester/AY: First- 2021-2022

I. Introduction:

Global Media Cu lture

The media have a significant impact on cultural globalization in two mutually interdependent ways. First the media provide extensive transnational transmission of cultural products and, second, contribute to the formation of communicative networks and social structures. In the history of mankind, religion finds its way to institutionalize itself from being part of the phenomena of nature to a monumentally organized system of beliefs. Man, in the pre-historic age exists in an environment where he depends on his everyday needs, but the environment where he coexists have natural phenomena which are very hard to comprehend in his time without the present science Objectives: At the end of this module, the learners are expected to: a. b. c. d. e.

evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of global media; discuss the emergence of media platform as a net connector towards globalize culture; explain globalization affects religious practices and beliefs; and discuss the five time periods in the study of globalization and Media Culture

II. Content/ Material: Global Media Culture and Globalization of Religion

Module 10-11 World of Ideas: Global Media Cultures and Globalization of Religion

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Republic of the Philippines

PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur

Discussion Definition of terms and discussions: Media have made globalization possible Is this to imply that the media has always been progressive and positive? Globalization would not be possible without the media; they work in tandem. Globalization and the media have worked together throughout human history.

Globalization and the media have made it possible for many people to consider themselves as part of a single planet. The World's Village

ME•DIA Definition: The term media, which is the plural form of medium, refers to the communication channels through which we disseminate news, music, movies, education, promotional messages and other data. It includes physical and online newspaper and magazines, television, radio, billboards, telephone, the internet and fax. It describes the various ways through which we communicate in society. Because it refers to all means of communication, everything ranging from a telephone call to the evening news on television can be called media. the plural form of medium—a means of transferring information, such as a communication channel. Culture- the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group The characteristic features of everyday existence (such as diversions or a way of life (shared people in a place or time – Webster. Culture- refers to the unified style of human knowledge, beliefs and behavior from which people learn , and the ability to communicate knowledge to the next generations. Media Culture? Media culture- refers to the culture created under the influenced of mass media. The concept of media culture infers its impact on society’s information consumption and intellectual guidance. Media culture tend to be a major factor in the formation of mainstream culture since it affects society’s opinions values, taste, attitudes, and informational availability. (Life style Dictionary) Role of Media: While in everyday language globalization” usually refers to economic and political integration on a world scale, it also has a crucial cultural dimension in which the media have a central role. In that sense, media globalization is about how most national media systems have become more internationalized, becoming more open to outside influences, both in the content and their ownership and control.

Module 10-11 World of Ideas: Global Media Cultures and Globalization of Religion

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Republic of the Philippines

PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur

The Five Time Periods in the Study of Globalization and Media By. Jock Lule (2014) 1. ORAL Of all forms of media human spirits is the oldest and most enduring. Humans are allowed to cooperate and communicate through language. Languages as a means to develop the ability to communicate across culture are the lifeline of globalization. Language contributes to the formation of culture. Language is in a sense of substance of culture. Languages serve as important symbols of group belonging enabling different groups of people to know what ethnic groups they belong to and what common heritages they share. Without a language people would lose their cultural identity. (Delhumean, 2011) 7,117 Spoken Languages today (Ethnologue roughly 40% of languages are now endangered often with less than 1,000 speakers remaining. Meanwhile, just 23 languages account for more than half the world’s population 2. Script Writing is humankind’s principal technology for collecting, manipulating, storing, retrieving, communicating and disseminating information. Writing may have been invented independently three times in different parts of the world: In the Near East. China and Mesoamerica. Writing is a system of graphic marks representing the units of a specific language. Cuneiform script created in Mesopotamia, present day Iraq, is the only writing system which can be traced to its earliest prehistoric origin. Besserat,2014) 3. Printing Press The printing press is a device that allows for the mass production of uniform printed matter mainly in the text in the form of books pamphlets and newspapers it revolutionized in China where it was created (Diamond Sutra from Tang -dynasty China, 868 A.D. (British Museum), which is widely seen as the earliest existing printed book.) Photo Martin Luther College Johanna’s developed the printing press in the 15 th century with his invention of the Gutenberg press According to Eisenstein (1979) states the consequences of printing press. The printing Press changed the very nature of knowledge. It preserved knowledge which had been more malleable in oral cultures. It also standardized Print encourages the challenge of political and religious authority because of its ability to circulate competing views. Printing press encouraged the literacy of the public and the growth of schools Lands and culture were learned by people through travels. News around the world were brought through inexpensive and easily obtained magazines and daily newspapers. People learned about the world. Indeed, printing press helped foster globalization and knowledge of globalization. (Manuscript of Pigafetta)

Module 10-11 World of Ideas: Global Media Cultures and Globalization of Religion

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Republic of the Philippines

PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur

4. Electronic Media In the 20th century, the only available mass media in remote villages was the radio while film was soon developed as an artistic medium for great cultural expression. The most powerful and pervasive mass media is television asked it brought the virtual and aural power of film with the accessibility of radio. The introduction of television was a defining moment in globalization (Lule,2012). 5. Digital Media The computer is considered the most important. Media influencing globalization. Computers give access to global and market place and transformed cultural life. Our daily lives are revolutionized by digital media. People are able to adopt and adapt new practices like fashion, sports, music food and many others through access of information by computers. They also exchange ideas, establish relations and linkages through the use of Skype, Google, Chat, Zoom, and other platforms. Popular music ang globalization What kind of music do you listen to? Who is your favorite musical artist? What influence you to like that kind of music? Do you have your musical heroes? Where are they from? What are their nationalities? Music and Colonization The Spanish imperial project was arguably, the first to connect things globally with the conquest of Manila in 1570. One can start to speak of musical globalization at this early date, as Irving suggests in a recent study of colonial counterpoint in the Philippines (Irving 2010) In commenting on the speed with which indigenous populations turned towards church counterpoint and in fact became noted for their musical skills far beyond the Philippines. Irving observes that precolonial indigenous practice also involved multipart singing and involved devotion to female deities. Many were, in other words, ready to participate in their colonial transformations- musically speaking at least. Local elites, in which there was much intermarriages, came to understand themselves as mixed and attribute value to their mixed cultural practices (Mestizaje). They took particular pride in their church music. The Manilan church thus, led the development of a variety of new Marian repertories, many of which were exported via Mexico to Europe. Music participates in the reinforcing of boundaries of culture and identity. Popular music explains the complex dynamics of globalization not only because it is popular but music is highly mediated is deeply invested in meaning and has proven to be an extremely mobile and resourceful capital (ElChadban, 2014).

Globalization is a set of multiple, uneven, and sometimes overlapping historical processes, including economics, politics, and culture, that have combined with the evolution of media technology to create the conditions that allow the world to be understood as a "imaginary community."

Module 10-11 World of Ideas: Global Media Cultures and Globalization of Religion

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Republic of the Philippines

PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur

COMMUNICATION BY VOICE Humans were able to cooperate because of language. Speech enabled the dissemination of information. DISADVANTAGES/LIMITATIONS Language was necessary, but it was imperfect. Oral communication is hampered by distance. Difficulty in terms of time Human memory is limited; thus, language is reliant on it. The move from oral to written communication Humans were able to communicate and share knowledge and ideas over far wider distances and longer periods of time as a result of this. Printing Press began the 'information revolution,' which altered markets, corporations, nations, schools, churches, governments, militaries, and other institutions.

Two consequences of printing press: 1. It changed the very nature of knowledge. 2. It encouraged the challenge of political and religious authority because of its ability to circulate competing views Advantages: 1. The printing press encouraged the literacy of the public and the growth of schools. 2. The inexpensive, easily obtained magazines brought news around the world. Conclusion: The printing press helped foster globalization—and knowledge of globalization.

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Global Media Cultures explores the relationship between the media, culture and globalization. The course approaches past and current challenges concerning international communication and explores and problematizes the power of media representation.

. Global media is “the mass communication on a global level, allowing people across the world to share and access the same information.” It is indeed that technologies made people's lives easier all over the globe. ... Of course, global media made it easier for people to learn about other culture via TV shows.

Module 10-11 World of Ideas: Global Media Cultures and Globalization of Religion

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Republic of the Philippines

PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur

Electronic Media Telephone in 1876 Radio and telegraph in the late 1890s

Module 10-11 World of Ideas: Global Media Cultures and Globalization of Religion

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Republic of the Philippines

PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur

Transatlantic call in 1927 Cell phone in 1973

Electronic Media. 1. Wired 2. Wireless Digital Media digitized content that can be transmitted over the internet or computer networks. • This can include text, audio, video, and graphics. This means that news from a TV network, newspaper, magazine, etc. that is presented on a Web site or blog can fall into this category. • Internet .

Examples of social forces that are creating a global culture include electronic communications (telephones, e-mail, fax machines), the mass media (television, radio, film), the news media, the Internet, international businesses and banks, and the United Nations—to name only a few. Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. ... The word " culture" derives from a French term, which in turn derives from the Latin "colere," which means to tend to the earth and grow, or cultivation and nurture. A. On Global Media Cultures/ materials/content:

Module 10-11 World of Ideas: Global Media Cultures and Globalization of Religion

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Republic of the Philippines

PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur

International mass media has played a vital role in enhancing globalization as it linked societies closer, with the exchange of ideas, culture, and multiple information. It has managed to do so with the help of capitalism. However, the process of globalization of culture constitutes a debate on whether mass media has been pluralistic and neutral in facilitating the flow of ideas, or has it been an instrument for the domination of Western culture. Three analytical perspectives of media globalization that developed in the field of international communications. Sreberny (1996, as cired in Rantanen, 2005) defined three models that emerged in three subsequent phases: 1. Communication and development, 2. Cultural imperialism, and 3. Cultural pluralism, 4. Cultural pluralism, The communications and development model views media as instruments towards modernization. On the other hand, cultural imperialism asserts an even relationship in the flow of ‘hard ware’ transfer of technology and media alongside the “software’ transfer of cultural products that contribute to the dependency on the part of the developing countries to develop countries. (Rantanen, 2005). Finally, the model of cultural pluralism asserts a more optimistic view on the view on the diversity of global media relations, constitute by a variety of producers and locales. ( Rantanen, 2005 ). Several scholars term the models of communications and development ( Rantanen, 2005) as the modernization paradigm ( Bah, 2008; Boyd- Barret, 1997; Fejes, 1981) which views that the reason for the absence of modernization in the developing world is not due to the lack of natural resources and education and mass media would have the fundamental tasks of building human capital ( Melkote & Steve, 2001). Mass media were viewed to play critical roles in development in the modernization paradigm. Wilbur Schramm (1964 as cited in Melkote and Steve, 2001), one of the pioneering scholars of this paradigm, observed a positive association between communication components to that of the social, political and economic components in national growth. According to him, “the task of the mass media of social transformation in the “ new media” of education is to speed and ease the long, slow social transformation required for economic development and, in particular, to speed and smooth the task of mobilizing human resources behind the national effort” ( as cited in Melkote and Steve, 2001 Another key proponent of modernization is David Lerner (1958) who proposed that developing societies must follow the Western concept of modernity in order to achieve development. He emphasized the importance of empathy, stating that” as people are more exposed to media, the greater is their capacity to imagine themselves as strange situations, places and time than did people in any previous historical epoch”. The psychological mechanism of empathy, he argued, enables people to mobilize efficiency that is participant, literate and urban, contrary to that of the traditional society which is non- participant. Lerner ( 1958 as cited in Boadu,1981) posited that mass media has the power to foster the learning of emphatic skills. The interactive and integrative capabilities of media that prevent societal disintegration are critical to the success of effort to modernize (Boadu,1981) This view resonates with Benedict Anderson’s (1983) Thesis on nations as imagined communities. He emphasized the role of printed communication and capitalism in instilling nationalism and the sense of belongingness among people who do not know each other, by creating imagined communities. The presence of mass media in societies have been observed by modernization scholars as correlated to the social, economic, and political indices of development. The strength and power of mass media to influence societies lies in its “one way-way, top-down and simultaneous and wide dissemination” and its capacity to shape social processes, create meanings, identities, and aspirations of a community (Melkote & Steve, 2001). This theories greatly influenced the development programs implemented by international agencies such as United Nation’s educational, Scientific and Cultural

Module 10-11 World of Ideas: Global Media Cultures and Globalization of Religion

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Republic of the Philippines

PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur

Organization (UNESCO), United Nations, Development Program (UNDP), and the United States Aid for International Development (USAID) ( Fejes),1981). However, the role of media as an intervener and instrument in the modernization process has been widely questioned and disputed. Curran and Park (2005) laid down the criticisms of the paradigm of how the governments espousing the Western model of modernization used the media systemin sustaining control over the population rather than promoting education for democracy. They also stated how the national development model was used to justify the arbitrary exercised of political power, political indoctrination and the restriction over the freedom of expression Global Media Cultures: The media have significant impact on cultural globalization in two mutually interdependent ways; first, the media provide extensive transnational transmission of cultural products and second, contribute to the information of communicative networks and social structures. The rapidly increasing supply of media products from an international media culture poses a challenge to local and national cultures that exist. The sheer volume of supply, as well as vast technological infrastructure and financial capital that pushes forward this supply have a significant impact on local patterns of cultural consumption and opportunities to sustain independent cultural production. Global media cultures create a continuous cultural exchange in which critical aspects such as identity, nationality, religion, behavioral norms and lifestyle are constantly challenged and questioned. These cultural encounters often involve meeting cultures with a different socio-economic basis, typically on one side a transnational and commercial cultural industry. Global are promoting a restructuring of cultural and social communities because of their very structure. Just as media like the press and later radio and television were very important institutions for the formation of national communities, global media are supporting the creation of new communities. For example, the internet not only facilitates ...