Crossover point in years PDF

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Crossover point in years...

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 Crossover point in years: Crozzover point = (95,012 miles / 22000 (miles / year)) = 4,32 years. EN-OF-LIFE PHASE Closed-loop supply chains or reverse logistics. Initial design incorporates disassembly, recycling and reuse. REGULATION AND INDUSTRY STANDARDS - Product design o Food and Drug Administration o Consume Product Safety Commission o National Highway Safety Administration - Manufacturing and assembly activities o Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) o Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) o State and local agencies - Disassembly and disposal of hazardous products o EPA o Department of Transportation - Design for disassembly - Nearly all industries have regulations o Commercial builders o Federal Safe Drinking Water Act o Resource Conservation and Recovery Act - Ignoring regulations can have major consequences o Criminal violations o Fines o Loss of customer confidence INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND STANDARDS Organizations and governments guiding businesses (UNFCCC, ISO, GHG)

EUROPEAN UNION EMISSIONS TRADING SYSTEM - To combat climate change - Reduce industrial GHG emissions - “Cap-and-trade” principle

ISO 14001 AND 50001 -

Environmental management standards 1. Environmental management 2. Auditing 3. Performance evaluation 4. Labeling 5. Life cycle assessment

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Advantages: o Positive public image, reduce liability o Good systemic approach to pollution prevention

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Compliance with regulatory requirements, opportunities for competitive advantage.

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Implemented by more than 200,000 organizations in 155 countries.

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Environmental and economic benefits o Reduced materials/resource usage o Reduced energy consumption o Lower distribution costs o Improved image o Improved process efficiency o Reduced waste and disposal costs o Better utilization of recoverable resources

ISO 14001 and ISO50001 address environmental management systems. Guidance to minimize harmful effects on the environment...