Culture Diagram and Assignment PDF

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Culture discussion for class...

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Developing Self-Awareness: Implications for Nurses It is helpful to examine individual beliefs and behaviors, because they can lead to differential care of patients based on bias or stereotypes. Self-assessment is a key component of becoming more culturally and linguistically competent. There are many self-assessment tools available to assist you in assessing your own beliefs (see the Resource Library for additional tools). Continually consider and monitor how your beliefs and assumptions might influence your interactions with patients. National CLAS Standard 3 (PDF - 48 KB) calls for health organizations to "educate and train governance, leadership, and workforce in culturally and linguistically appropriate policies and practices on an ongoing basis." Integrating self-assessment exercises into cultural competency training for staff will help staff reflect on their own assumptions, biases, and stereotypes that may affect the care they provide.

Summary Thoughts To be culturally and linguistically competent, it is very important to be aware of your own stereotypes and biases. These stereotypes and biases are not isolated; they are closely related to how you have been socialized by your own social group and the provider culture. To effectively communicate with your patients across cultures, critically examine your own beliefs, biases, and assumptions and continually monitor them. One way of doing so is to use a selfassessment checklist, such as the one presented in this module. As shown in the stories throughout this module, it is important to treat patients based on your direct experience with them rather than on what you have heard about them. In other words, being aware of your biases, stereotypes, and assumptions can help you alleviate differential treatment of your patients. There are several ways of becoming culturally aware, and they are discussed in more details in the next module.

Becoming Culturally Aware Becoming more culturally aware is one way you can become more culturally and linguistically competent.

Developing cultural and linguistic competency is not a specific achievement. Instead, it is marked by a series of stages that begins with an assessment of one's own behaviors, attitudes, biases, and beliefs. Cultural and linguistic competency is an individualized plan of care, which begins by assessing oneself through a cultural lens (Purnell, 2005). There are a number of published models illustrating the development and characteristics of culturally and linguistically competent care. Two such models- the Campinha-Bacote Culturally Competent Model of Care and the Purnell Model for Cultural Competence— are presented in this module. Information on additional models, such as the Leininger Theory, is available in the Resource Library. These models provide a framework for you to begin assessing your own cultural and linguistic competency development and get started on your journey toward cultural and linguistic competency.

Campinha-Bacote’s Culturally Competent Model of Care Campinha-Bacote's model uses a volcano to illustrate cultural competency as "the process in which the health care professional continually strives to achieve the ability and availability to effectively work within the cultural context of a client" (family, individual, or community) (Campinha-Bacote, 2002b -Permission required to use this resource). Specifically, the model has five constructs of cultural competency: cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural encounter, and cultural desire (Campinha-Bacote, 2002a - Permission required to use this resource). The model uses the ASKED mnemonic relating to five self-assessment questions that can help you assess your level of cultural competency (Campinha-Bacote, 2002b -Permission required to use this resource): 

Awareness: Are you aware of your biases and the presence of racism?

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Skill: Do you know how to conduct a cultural assessment in a sensitive manner?

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Knowledge: Do you know about different cultures’ worldviews and the field of bio-cultural ecology?

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Encounters: How many face-to-face interactions and other encounters have you had with people from different cultures?

Desire: Do you “want to” become culturally and linguistically competent?

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The ASKED mnemonic is available in the Resource Library.

The Process of Cultural Competency in the Delivery of Health Care Services The volcano symbolically represents that it is cultural desire that stimulates the process of cultural competency. When cultural desire erupts, it gives forth the desire to enter into the process of becoming culturally competent by genuinely seeking cultural encounters, obtaining cultural knowledge, conducting culturally sensitive assessments, and being humble to the process of cultural awareness (Campinha-Bacote, 2002b - Permission required to use this resource).

Cultural Desire: “Motivation of the healthcare professional to ‘want to’ engage in the process of becoming culturally aware, culturally knowledgeable, culturally skillful and seeking culture encounters; not the ‘have to’. Cultural desire is the spiritual and pivotal construct of cultural competence that provides the energy source and foundation for ones journey towards culture competence Cultural Awareness: process of conducting self examination of ones biases towards others cultures and indepth exploration of ones cultural and professional background. Cultural awareness also involves being aware of the existence of documented racism in healthcare delivery Cultural Knowledge: process in which the health care professional seeks and obtains a sound info base regarding the worlds views of different cultural and ethnic groups as well as biological variations, diseases, and health conditions and variations in drug metabolism found among ethnic groups Cultural skill: Ability to conduct a cultural assessment to collect relevant cultural data regarding the client’s presenting problem as well as accurately conducting a culturally-based physical assessment Cultural Encounter: Process which encourages the healthcare prof to directly engage in face to face cultural interactions and other encounters with clients from culturally diverse backgrounds in order to modify existing beliefs about a cultural group and to prevent possible stereotyping...