CW Module 2 - CONTEMPORARY WORLD LECTURES PDF

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Discuss the arrangement of and the relation between the parts or elements of something that is complex but not is limited to structures of globalization.Global economy (World Economy) refer to the interconnectedness worldwide of the economy as well as the activities that took place or take place rat...

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MODULE 2: THE STRUCTURE OF GLOBALIZATION Discuss the arrangement of and the relation between the parts or elements of something that is complex but not is limited to structures of globalization.

Philippines is priced at 5 yen but when it will be sold in the PH it will be priced at 8yen so Philippines added 3yen to the 5yen ballpen of china.

Global economy (World Economy) refer to the interconnectedness worldwide of the economy as well as the activities that took place or take place rather between multiple countries. when we also talked about global economy. global economy is about the economy of humans of the world referring to global economic system which includes economic activity within nations as well as between nation so including (production, consumption, economic management, exchange financial values and trade of goods and services)

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 Economic Globalization refers to increasing interdependence of world economies as associated with economic globalization -- protectionism and trade liberalization as well as a fair trade. 1.PROTECTIONISM Is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas and variety of other government regulation? How does protectionism happen as part of the economic globalization? Protectionism refers to the transaction wherein the government will be legislating specific policy to reduce or block one international trade or product Example Japan sells ballpen with the price of 5yen now when protectionism is used from 5 yen. When japan will sell it to the

Protectionism implement not just for the sake of we have a scheme to be used. When it comes to trading. It has its goal to improve economic activities within domestic economy so it means that all we owned will be protected at the same time we have the saying "love your own or support local product" so that's why all of the product we need to use protectionism so that the product that we own within our domestic economy is to be able to provide premium another purpose of why some countries not only Philippines use protectionism is a to improve safety as well as quality concerns such as you can see there are different thing. Example let just take of regarding the mask. Not all mask that are imported from china are good quality mask so imagine if the Philippines will produce their own mask. We have the assurance that it is made with good quality. since we stablish on quality control or QA (quality assurance) unlike if china will provide imported mask. The tendency are they need to reach specific quota so expect the quality of the product will be lesser.

2. TRADE LIBERATIONS OR FREE TRADE Is the removal or reduction of restriction or barriers on the free exchange of goods between nations. These are policies under which the government impose there is no taxes

absolutely no taxes or tariff as well as duties on imports or quotas to export Free trade is the total opposite of protectionism Purpose of some countries will choose free trade.  It eliminates possibility for foreign competition so the competition will be lesser in the market  it is beneficial especially to producer and consumer. The ballpen from japan priced 5yen when it sells in the PH it will be remained as 5 yen. As there is no tariff or taxes added.  another thing is that there is limit to quotas. There will be no limitation in terms of how many they will produce and in shipment. Since its free trade. The DOWNSIDE of this free trade is that the income will be lesser or we will not be able to give premium to our domestic products. 3. FAIR TRADE  is a trading partnership based on dialogue, transparency and respect that seek greater equity in international trade.  It is technically designed and use specially by producers in developing countries REASONS  is to achieve sustainable sustainability and as well as equitable in trade relationship.  Is that the prices is stable wherein it covers to the sustainable production. It means to say which means unlike the 2 other types of economic globalization. Protectionism must be secure its domestic product within a

certain country. Free trade help to explore the different products of different nations. Fair trade wants to extract the most value and possible products from the world and to experiencing different services of different parts of the nation and its main goal is to establish a reciprocal relationship with different nation. When PH import banana in china and there are differents type of banana in china that is not available in the PH. Then china will also import banana here in the PH. Both parties will decide as certain amount of tax or tariff that they will be use. Let's say 35% they will follow as tariff at the same time they need to obey it and take note this agreement provided and should last/ follow at least a year so that it will not be loss in the both parties. When it comes in agreeing or amending a certain policy rule. MARKET INTEGRATION  occurs when prices among different locations or related goods follow a similar pattern over a long period of time. groups of good often move proportionally to each other and when this relation is very clear among different market. it is said that markets are integrated. (the bringing together from the word "integration" bring together with different markets putting them in one place that are in harmony not technically but figurative. market integration is about any situation within the market which wherein 2 or more market with the same product became one single market. )

TYPES OF MARKET INTEGRATION 1. Horizontal Integration

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Join to have a partnership at least a good relationship was established as well as there is a marketing strategy that globe has and pldt doesn't know. It also can apply business partners of globe can also be business partners of pldt. In this way competition is lessened/ reduced.

2. Vertical Integration This occurs when a firm or agency gains control of the other firms or agency performing similar marketing function at the same level in a marketing sequence. (It means to say that this type of integration about different agencies to which the control to the other party or the other partner agency combined to form a union with a view to reducing the effective number and extent of the actual competition in the market.) Example pldt and globe  When the internet in pldt is slow guaranteed that globe is also slow. Since they are joint or they have their partnership. It means that they only use 1 scheme when it comes to providing internet.  The same way in san miguel and pure foods there are products that san miguel has comments in the products of purefoods and vice versa. PURPOSE OF USING HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION  using or having partnership with the same companies/similar companies/similar marketing companies with the same function is that it reduces the competition in the market.

This is when the company either owns or control wherein to joint ventures multiple stages in supply chain how does happen?

this

vertical

integration

Unlike in horizontal 2 different company that has similar function in the market while vertical integration is different companies who joined and gain control of a certain product that is part of the stages of a specific supply. Example Dole Corporation (before it will be displayed in the kcc mall or in any department store. The can of the Dole corp. Must first be plan that's why plantation occur. another is the production. As well as the canning company. It is only 1 company but it has many different parts or stages to be able to produce one product. They differ in brand, owner of the plantation, owner of the company and as well as they differ in the owner of production and the shipping. But the thing is there is only 1

product that is produced which is dole pineapple juice or any dole product.

be able to get discount to any of the services.

3. Conglomeration Integration

GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM Global economy, with the different economic system inside 1 country (production, consumption, distribution as well as the import and export or anything that is associated or related to our economic system)

Involves a merger between two businesses that are not related to each other completely different industries. Horizontal integration 2 same company. Vertical Integration 1 company that has different stages/process to be able to make 1 product. Conglomeration 2 different businesses totally unrelated businesses but merge to create a new service. Example Jollibee and Globe Jollibee is a fast food that 8-7000 Jollibee delivery is associated services provided by globe. Century and Hunts The one is tuna and the other one is beans. Ayala and Zalora Ayala is a mall and Zalora is a clothing line. BPI and globe this was a newly launched saving bank "BanKo" which is a joint partnership between the bpi company and the globe telecommunication SM investment corporation and 2go travel SM is an investment corporation they have mall while 2go group incorporation is a transporting cargo so they joint into partnership to lesser at the same time to

unlike global economic economy. Is a system of human interaction (modern world system) which is structured politically. Unlike in global economic it is structure economically. So other political scientist or those persons who are experts in this area call the political scientist they commonly call this as the INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM. *Its main focus is the field of international relations main focus which is established in relationship political relationship of different countries purpose or goal of global interstate *is to encourage international corporations in the area of research and development * authoritative actions understanding as well as some commitment of the government authorities or governmental authorities (the leaders or the of or this one state itself this talks about 1 countries commitment to another country) STATE • described as a compulsory political organization with a centralized government that maintains the legitimate use of force within a certain territory • is a political unit that has sovereignty over an area of territory and the people within it.

(a enough number of individuals or citizen that has his or her own TERRITORY as well as an individual who has its own SOVEREIGNTY in their land and who has a government that rules) STATE (4 ELEMENTS) • citizenship • sovereignty • Territory • Government NATION (Estado) • described as a large body of people united by a common recent history culture or language in inhabiting a particular country or territory • it is an ethnic cultural concept (refers to a community of people with the same culture or with similar culture) DIFFERENCE STATE must have the 4 elements whereas a nation it only focus with the culture ,history language as well as religion, customs. EXAMPLE OF NATION • Arab nations (Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria and etc.) EXAMPLE OF STATE • United Kingdom (English nation, Scottish nation, walles nation and state etc.)

EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION IN NATION STATE 1. Globalization is seen to impose a forced choice of a nation-states. (so technically when we engage in a nation state primarily it is needed to move/change wherein the country imposes a force of choice to another country to where it is belonging.)

2. Establishment of economic and political integration. when you have partnership with other countries technically what are the rules when it comes to economic system, political. Also, it is already integrated to the nation apart with the same way with the united states (California, Manhattan) so any rules of under united states is applicable. there are some laws from a certain state within US is applicable to another state 3. Establishment of international laws and principles. 4. Rise of transnational activism. Witnessed on social media what is happening during the election of the clash between Trump 2020 and Biden. There is a rise of transnational activist (national election in US). They have difference in opinion as to how should government work in their field. 5. Creation of new communication network.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (IGOs) refers to an entity created by a treaty involving two or more nations to work in a good faith, on issues of common interest. (international governmental organizations which are organizations made up of more than one national government so government itself is a member)

Example (united nations, north atlantic treaty organization, world health organization)

government of one country if they would desire to be part of any of these IGOs

1. ASEAN it is established to promote stability and economic growth across these different nations.

4. UNITED NATION Committed in maintaining international peace and security (and when we talked about security we also have an IGOs which is what we called security council there are countries who are member of the security counties who has the duty and the authority to establish and maintain security from different nations thats why there are certain countries that are members of united nation that are not allowed to clash or be enemy as it is stated in their rules and regulation policy of united nation and when you are a member of united nation you cannot conquer another country through war) States.)

The one IGOs that is salient in terms of economic growth of many countries. As of 2019 it has 11 members (Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, TimorLeste, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.) 2. EUROPEAN UNION to promote scientific and technological process and enhance economic, social and territorial cohesion and solidarity among EU countries respect its rich cultural and linguistic diversity. (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.) 3. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) Its main objective is to ensure that trade runs as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible. it also encourages trade by lowering trade barrier that may hinder how product and services flow from nation to nation. (159 countries) Not all country belongs to IGOs. It is already discretion of the country or

* the china and Philippines as an example there have been circulating issues regarding Philippines having the authority and the jurisdiction of spratly island or south china sea. But although china has the ability to drop bomb and fight against Philippines when it comes to weapon. But it is not possible to occur since both of this country are part of the united nations and they will be liable for the rules and regulation that is establish by united nations....