Difference between たら, ば, と, なら PDF

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Difference between たら, ば, と, なら...

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-eba form such as 安（やす）ければ "yasukereba," 聞（き）けば "kikeba," etc. is a conditional mood for present and future like "if" in English. -eba form In the negative sentence is "unless" in English. 安（やす）ければ、買（か）います。"Yasukereba, kai-masu. If it's cheap, I'll buy it. 安くなければ、買いません。"Yasuku nakereba, kai-masen." I won't buy it unless it's cheap. 手紙（てがみ）を読（よ）めば、解（わか）ります。"Tegami wo yomeba wakari-masu. If you read the letter, you'll understand. To construct this form, begin with the plain past tense of verb, then add -eba. ■ -tara form such as 困（こま）ったら "komattara," 時間（じかん）があったら "jikan ga attara," etc. is a subjunctive mood with high possibility like "when" in English. お金（かね）が溜（た）まったら、買いなさい。"O-kané ga tamattara, kai-nasai." When you save money, buy it. 気（き）に入（い）ったら、買（か）って下（くだ）さい。"Kini ittara, katte kudasai." Please buy it If you like it. 雨（あめ）がやんだら、ジョギングしましょう。"Amé ga yandara, jogging shi-mashoh." Le's go jogging when the rain stops. 犬（いぬ）を踏（ふ）んだら、噛（か）まれます。"Inu wo fundara, kamaré-masu. If you step on a dog, it'll bite you. -tara is always used in chronological time sequence. Whatever comes after needs to happen after the event. To construct this form, begin with the plain past tense of verb, then add -ra. ■ -nara form such as 行（い）くなら "ikunara," 来（く）るなら "kurunara," etc. is a subjunctive mood with the speaker's decision/ judgment/ opinion.

私（わūたし）が金持（かねもち）なら、ジェット機（き）を買（か）います。 "Watashi ga kanemochi-nara, Jet-ki wo kai-masu." If I were rich, I'd buy a jet. あなたが行（い）くなら、私は行（い）きません。"Anata ga iku-nara, watashi wa iki-masen." If you'd go, I wouldn't. お酒（さけ）を呑（の）むなら、運転（うんてん）してはいけません。"O-saké wo nomu-nara, unten shite wa iké-masen." Don't drive if you drink saké. ■ -to form such as 飲（の）むと "nomu-to," 足（た）すと "tasu-to," etc. is used when inevitable result will be happening. 山（やま）の雪（ゆき）が溶（と）けると、もうすぐ春（はる）です。"Yama no yuki ga tokeru-to, moh sugu haru desu." When the snow of the mountains melts, it's spring time soon. この薬（くすり）を服（の）むと、すぐ治ります。"Kono kusuri wo nomu-to, sugu naori-masu." If you take this medicine, you'll get well soon. １に１を足（た）すと、２です。"１ ni １ wo tasu-to, ２desu." One plus one equals two....