Different Vernacular Reviewer for Architecure PDF

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Summary

Vernacular Architecture Architecture without an architect. Community is the architect Localized. Endemic in the place. Place based Unique is the Climatic Condition: North and South had different climate Panay house: Lowland house. Cordillera Structure: An upland house Isneg: Located on the foot of t...

Description

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Architecture without an architect. Community is the architect Localized. Endemic in the place. Place based Unique is the Climatic Condition: North and South had different climate Panay house: Lowland house. Cordillera Structure: An upland house Isneg: Located on the foot of the mountain Bontoc: Located lower than the Ifugao house, mid-range Ifugao: Located at the highest level of the mountain These indigenous people house have different type of house Materialized: Whatever they found in local. They use it. Availability of plants that thrive. Economy: Agricultural society. Store it inside their house Economy: means of living. Also vary. Coastal Towns: Tausug and Badjao. Livelihood: Fishing. Dependent on the sea. Dried fish. Store in House. Plan transferred to one generation to another. (1) Younger generation assist their parents in construction in their house. (2) The way they handed by verbal communication. Orally. Cordillera people: Chants. They memorize prayer and chants. Design approach: Reduce heat by providing sheds, materials that do not absorb heat, walls, ceilings and floors with slits/holes to allow air to enter and exit the structure. Long Coastal Villages - Design approach: Stilt, constructed on the water. Low lands/Plains – Design Approach: Raised above the ground. Local vegetive materials to reduce heat. Air passes in

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the floor made of bamboo slats. Large windows with shades cools the interior Tausug House materials: Wood, Nipa Palm, Cocon grass, and Bamboo.

BADJAO HOUSE • • • • • • •

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Badjao, Tausug and Samal: Indigenous people of Sulu Archipelago. Sea Gypsies of Sulu and Celebes Sea. Known as Samal Laus (Sea Sama) Living in House Boats or in Stilt House Found in South Livelihood: Fishing, Deep Sea Divers and Navigators Scattered in coastal areas of Tawi Tawi. Sulu, Basilan and some Coastal municipalities in Zamboanga Del Sur in ARMM Come to shore to barter their harvest or farmed products. Fruits, Casava, as well as replenished their supplies and repairs. They lived on the waters Ritual: Child Birth, would be thrown in the water. Many Badjao migrated to Malaysia in Sabah. Could speak 10 languages of Sama-Bajau Boat Dwellers Religion: Islam Poorest ethnic group in Sulu Men: Expert making boats Women: Expert making banig. Three types of Badjao: Sedentary – Living Permanently in a place; they have their permanent houses, SemiSedentary – Permanent Houses; still have boats (Lepa), Nomadic – Live all their lives in the boat house (Lepa) Traditional House: Windowless, oneroom house of light materials and thatch roof built above coastal areas. Shaped by climate, socio-economic condition of

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people, geological materials in the area and way of life or tradition. Badjao is the second largest community in Sulu. Known as Orang Selat or Orang Laut; they live on their Lepa-Lepa (boats) Orang Laut: live on water Orang Selat: live on the ground Houses are built in staggered pattern but connected to the neighborhood thru JAMBATAN (footbridge) and TAYTAYAN (catwalk) connected to the foot bridge and to the waters by HARUNAN (ladder). Elevation: House on Stilt. Touching the sandy part in the sea. Usually build in tidal flat or above the reefs. Windowless, with one access. Thatched Material: Palm Leaves, Coconut Leaves. Plants live along the shore line. Palm also.

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BADJAO HOUSE PARTS: •

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Batang-bubungan, Ridge beam: made of thatched roof. Roof materials attached to the rafter. A straight trunk of wood or bamboo at the apex of the gable roof to support the rafters and the thatch roof Atup, Roof: A thin layer thatch covering made from palm or coconut leaves, fixed with moderate inclination to protect the house dwellers from both intense heat of the sun and occasional rainshower. Ubong, King’s Post: The central post of the house located at the portion with gable walls and used as support of the ridge beam. Madeyon, Living ’s space: Pertains to the open, multi-use space of a Badjao house. Ding-Ding, Wall: The windowless vertical enclosure of the house comprised of individual thatch panels made from palm or coconut leaves horizontally tied to closely spaced bamboo studs. Method of Construction is Tied; (1) Saw it together and (2) dried it and (3) apply it as material

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in house and (4) tied in bamboo studs. Material Coconut Fran. Dagan, Floor Joist and Girder: Joist connects all the post so it won’t move. The horizontal structural member of wood or bamboo that ties and stabilizes the wood posts and provides support for the main living structure. Hag, Post: A piece of wood or thick bamboo that is burried to about o. 60 meters below the sea bed and extend beyond coastal waters line to about half a meter during high tide and tightly secured by floor joists and girder. Minimum height is half meter or more. Constructed in Tidal Flat or above the reefs. Harunan, Ladder: A thick piece of lumber tightly secured to the girder to serve as ladder with a carved and closely-spaced conical-shaped footrest. Palimsa-an, The Beam: Structural support. The structural element of wood or bamboo that encloses the top-most portion of the wall and provides support to the rafters. Lantay, Floor: Small strips of bamboo that is closely-laid above the floor joist and girder, to serve as the floor of the house. Lubing-lubing, rafter: A piece of bamboo or wood placed above the tie and ridge beams to support the thatch roof

TAUSUG ARCHITECTURE • •

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Ethnic Group found in Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines Spreading power over Basilan, Palawan, Sulu, Tawi-tawi, Zamboanga City, North Kalimantan and the Eastern Part of the Malaysian state of Sabah (formerly North Borneo). Tausug means “Tau” means man. “Sug” or “Suluk” means sea current. Tausug means people of the Sea.

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Economy: Farming and Fishing. Sulu Archipelago is surrounded by Waters Social – 2 groups based on where they live: (1) Parianon – Low-land based people (2) Guimbahanon – Upland people. Political System: (1) (Pre-Sultanate Era): Banwa – independent communities. (2) During Sultanate Era – Divided into district headed by a Panglima or Mayor. Community is well-organized. Strong Sultanate. Very progressive because of the way they dressed. Social Conditions: (1) Nobility. Sultan and his family (2) Commoners. Free people of the sultanate (3) Slaves. Religion: (1) Islam. Practiced 5 pillars of Islam, believed in Allah, and read Qoran. (2) Animism. Believed in spirits that dwell in nature. Believed in mangunguba: healer who is the medium of the spirits Architecture and Planning: (1) House of the Tausug build on land; One-room Tausug house (BAY SINUG); consist of 9 posts corresponding the human body.

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9 POSTS • • • • • • • •

Pusal: King Post Pigi (Hip): South-East and South-West corners Agata (Shoulder): North-East and NorthWest corners. Gusuk (Ribs): Eastern and Western Sides of the center post Liug (Neck): Central Post Pipul (Navel): First post to be erected that represent. Short post Hita (Groin): The South post All the eight non-center posts support the roof, which is given form by the ridge beam and is made from Sari, Nipa, Sago palm or Plaud (coconut palms from the marang tree)

House Materials, vernacular materials they found in the surrounding: (1) Wall: Split Bamboo (2) Roof: Thatched Nipa palm, coconut leaves (3) Post: Lumber (4) Floor: Bamboo Method of Construction: (1) Tying (2) Traditional Bamboo Joinery method. Nipa palm fronds sewn together and tied to bamboo roof rafters. Bamboo tied to one another using uway or rattan strips. Interiors: (1) Luhul – Tapestry hanged on the ceiling; catch the dust and insects (2) Boras – tapestry hanged on the wall. Tadjuk Pasung: decoration at the peak of the roof. Wood extends upward and decoration at the tip of the roof (1) Naga Tadjuk Pasung – stylized serpent. (2) Tadjuk Pasung Manuk manuk – Stylized bird. Roof: (1) Sungan – hip roof with triangular vent. (2) Libut – Pyramidal roof with vents at apex Entrance: have roofless balcony. Outdoor activity takes place. Receiving and Social Area. Known as Pang-gong. Elevated open space above the GIBAYAN (main one room house) used as extension for other activities known as Pantan.

BAY SINUG (TAUSUG HOUSE) PARTS •

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Lubing-lubing, Rafter: A rectangular lumber providing support on the ridge beam at its upper end and the purlins throughout its length. Tiyadtad, Split bamboo wall: A wall covering made from split bamboos /aid vertically at the exterior portion of the wall. Hag, post: A post at the perimeter of the Tausug house. Batang-bubungan, Ridge beam: A thick lumber at the ridge of the roof and kept in place by the king posts to provide support for the roof's purlins.

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Pusal, king post: A vertical member often in a form similar to a baluster with belly base, placed above the tie and roof beams to reinforce the ridge beam. Kasaw, Purlins: The bamboo or wood branches placed above the rafter to hold the thatch roof. Ubung, Tie beam: A rectangular lumber that runs across the upper portion of the roof to connect the central columns and provide support for the king post. Liug, Central post: The shortest column placed at the center of the house to hold the crossing floor beams. This post is the first post to be erected and represents the navel (pipul) of the human body. Tadjuk pasung, bargeboard-end decoration: The decoration at the upperend of the bargeboard which covers the projecting end of the gable. The decoration is usually in the form of a seaserpent (naga) or a bird (manuk-manuk). Hanglad, Roof beam: The perimeter beams above the upper end portion of the posts used to support the roof structure and the perimeter wall.

nine posts and used both as living and sleeping areas. SAMAL ARCHITECTURE •

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Pang-gong, Receiving Area: A space intended to receive and entertain guests. Pantan, Open Space: An elevated, open extension used as a hall, living space, and place where fruits, vegetables, and fishing implements are kept. Lawang, Door: An opening in the main house functioning as access to adjoining spaces. It is often provided with a removable enclosing panel. Dagtong, Bamboo water containers: A whole bamboo with a removable opening at one-end to hold refilled water, usually laid near the kitchen and bathing area. Gibayan, Main house: The only structure in a Tausug house that is provided with

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Location: They could be found in southern part of Mindanao particularly in Palawan, Basilan, Davao, Zamboanga, Sulu archipelago. Economic: Sea-fares, Farmers, Traders. Engaged in Fishing, Logging, Hunting, Seaweed Farming, Boat (Kumpit) Building, Weaving, Pottery, Painting, Pearl Diving, Food Preservation (Drying Fish), Farming (Coconut for Copra) Religion: (1) Islam (2) Practice folk beliefs and traditions Climate: Mild, no marked rainy or dry season. Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year. The region is not affected by storms Art: (1) Ukil – common to Badjao, Tausug and Samal. Type of wood carving. Presented in curvilinear patter consisting of continuous stylized scroll of leaves, vines found in house, grave markers, boats, weapons and other wood-based objects. Manuk Manuk (bird) and Naga (serpent). CULTURE: Unique language separate them from the rest of cultural communities in the area. Possess the nobility title as well as the tausug ’s view in being independent from the country’s governance. Architecture: Tadyuk pasung – carve cross-board seen on the roof ridge front or sometimes back of the house carving consist of naga, manuk manuk or dragon. (1) House built on shallow water. (2) Dwellings in clusters are located on wellprotected shorelines. (3) Dwellings are raised 1.00m to 3m above in reference to the level of tide.

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Coastal Settlements: (1) Living in small compact communities of 100 to 500 people. (2) Dwellings of relatives and families group together and oriented towards the mosque. (3) Pantan, foot bridge that connect the coastal village to land. (4) Settlements: Dwellings cluster on piles above reefs and tidal flats. Other structures; school, cemetery, fields and land-based. Advantage in living above water: (1) Cooler. (2) Readily available waste disposal. (3) Easy movement by water. (4) No land ownership dispute. (5) Ideal environment for fisherman and sea farer.

PARTS OF SAMAL HOUSE •

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Bubung, Roof: The gable roof with moderate slope usually made of nipa thatch material on bamboo or wood purlins. The roof also has an extended roof for the open deck and built just below the end of the main gable roof. Pang-tuud, King : The central timber post that extends beyond the perimeter wall to support the gable-end wall and the ridge of the roof. Habong, Tie beam: A rectangular lumber or bamboo laid across the upper section of the room to connect the two king posts. Hanglad, Girder: A thick lumber or bamboo which holds the floor joists of the house. Tukalog, Stud: Secondary posts along the perimeter of the wall used as vertical support for the exterior thatch wall. Taytayan-tikus, Roof beam: The lumber or bamboo laid horizontally throughout the perimeter of the wall to hold the upper-end portion of the posts. SalsaI, Joist: A whole bamboo laid horizontally at about 0.40-0.60 meter

spacing to support the flooring of the house....