Digest Qs - test PDF

Preview

Summary

test ...

Description



1.

Agallstonethatblockedthecommonbileductwouldcausethefatcontentoffecesto: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Staythesame  2. Norepinephrinewillcausesecretionofstomachacidto: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Staythesame  3. Ariseinplasmalevelsofgastrinwillcausetheactivityofthestomach'smuscularisexternato: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Staythesame  4. AdeclineinplasmalevelsofCCKwillcausegastricactivityto: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Staythesame   5. IfplasmalevelsofsecretinandCCKincreased,thevolumeofbileinthegallbladderwould_________and thepHoftheduodenumwould___________. a. Decrease–decrease b. Increase–decrease c. Increase–increase d. Decrease–increase  6. Duringthecephalicphaseofgastricactivity,theconcentrationofhydrogeninthegastriclumenwill: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Staythesame  7. A___________inplasmaglucoselevelswillcauseanincreaseinthereleaseof____________from pancreatic_________cells. a. Riseglucagon–alpha b. Dropinsulin–alpha c. Riseinsulin–beta d. Dropglucagon–beta  8. Whichofthefollowingcellssecretepepsinogen? a. Parietalcells b. Stemcells c. Chiefcells d. Alphacells  9. Asbloodflowsfromaportalvenuletoacentralvein,itsplasmaproteincontentwillmostlikely: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Staythesame  10. Alackoffunctioningparietalcellswouldcauseredbloodcellcountto: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Staythesame

1



11. AllofthefollowingareTRUEofthepancreasEXCEPT: a. Pancreaticjuicecontainsahighconcentrationofhydrogenionsandisreleasedbypancreaticacinar cells b. Theheadofthepancreasisrightnexttotheduodenum,whilethetailofthepancreasisrightnext tothespleen. c. Thepancreasisconsideredanaccessorydigestiveorgan. d. Pancreaticductcellsarestimulatedbysecretin.  12. WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEofbile? a. It'sproducedbyhepatocytesinthegallbladder. b. Itactsasanemulsifer,i.e.,itseparateslargefatdropletsintosmallfatdroplets. c. Itcontainsbilirubin,whichisabreakdownproductofhemoglobin. d. Itcontainsbilesalts  13. Duringdefecation,theexternalanalsphincterwill__________andtherectalmusculariswill_________. a. Relax–contract b. Relaxrelaxalso c. Contractcontractalso d. Contract–relax  14. Manyyearsago,acommonprocedureforthetreatmentofulcerswasthecuttingofthebranchesofthe vagusnervegoingtothestomach.Thiswouldcausestomachacidsecretionto: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Notchange  15. AllofthefollowingareTRUEofthestomachEXCEPT: a. Chiefcellssecretepepsinogen. b. Parietalcellssecreteintrinsicfactor. c. Thepyloricregionofthestomachisamajorsiteofnutrientabsorption. d. Thesubmucosaofthestomachisadjacenttotheinnerobliquelayerofthemuscularisexterna.  16. AllofthefollowingareTRUEoftheliverlobuleEXCEPT: a. Bilecanaliculitransportbiletowardsthebileductslocatedatthecornersoftheliverlobule. b. Sinusoidalcapillariesdrainintothecentralvein. c. Liverlobulesarecapableofproducingplasmaproteinssuchasalbumin. d. Theportalarterioletakesbloodtotheliverlobule,whiletheportalvenuletakesbloodawayfrom theliverlobule.  17. Ifpancreaticacinarcellsfailedtofunctionproperly,thenutrientcontentoffeceswould: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Staythesame  18. AllofthefollowingarecomponentsofsalivaEXCEPT: a. Pepsin b. IgAantibodies c. Mucin d. Salivaryamylase     

2



19. Lipaseistheenzymethatchemicallydigestsfatsinto: a. Aminoacids b. Lipids c. Fattyacidsandglycerol d. Simplesugars  20. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofthegallbladder?  a. Itsmainfunctionisthesynthesisofbile b. Itsremovalwillnotaffectpepsinogensecretion c. Itcontainsnosmoothmuscle d. Itdoesnotrespondtohormonesornervousstimulation e. Itisdirectlyconnecttotheliverviathesevencysticducts  21. WhichofthefollowingisNOTafunctionoftheliver? a. Bilesecretion b. Storageoffatsolublevitamins c. Secretionofemulsifyingagents d. Detoxificationofalcohol e. Noneoftheabove



 22. Thesmallintestine: a. Isasiteofmechanicalbutnotchemicaldigestion b. Containspanethcellswhichsecretelysozyme c. Doesnotsecretehormones d. Lacksepithelialcells e. Contains3regionsofequallength  23. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheliver? a. Bileandbloodflowinthesamedirectionthoughtheliverlobule b. Theleftlobeisthelargestlobeoftheliver c. OnlyoxygenatedbloodisbroughtTOtheliver d. Eachliverlobuleisassociatedwith6centralveins e. Noneoftheabove  24. WhichofthefollowingisTRUE? a. Theinternalanalsphincterismadeofskeletalmuscle b. Thedefecationreflexcanbeaffectedbyinputfromthecerebralcortex c. Bileplaysnoroleintriglyceridedigestion d. Salivaryamylaseisaproteindigestingenzyme e. Alloftheabove  25. Chemicaldigestionofcarbohydratesbeginsinthe________whereaschemicaldigestionofproteinsbegins inthe___________. a. Stomach;duodenum b. Oralcavity;duodenum c. Oralcavity;stomach d. Duodenum;stomach e. Stomach;oralcavity      

3



26. Damagetotheexocrinepancreaswould: a. Impairproteindigestionandhormonesecretion b. Impairfatdigestionandinsulinsecretion c. Impairthedigestionandabsorptionofglucoseandglycerol d. Impairproteindigestionandfatdigestion e. 2oftheabovearecorrect  27. ThebacteriumStreptococcusmutansisresponsibleformostdentalcaries(i.e.,cavities).Howdoes increasedsalivationhelpdecreasethelikelihoodoftoothdecay? a. SalivacontainsvitaminA b. Salivacontainslysozymeanddefensins c. SalivaincreasesthepHoftheoralcavity d. Alloftheabove e. 2oftheabove  28. Choleratoxingreatlydecreasesthereabsorptionofwaterinthecolon.Thisresultsin: a. Diarrhea b. Constipation  29. Followingdigestionandabsorptionmostdietaryfatcontentcanbefoundwithin: a. Hepaticcapillaries b. Intestinalcapillaries c. Intestinallacteals d. Submucosalchylomicrons e. Noneoftheabove  30. Afunctionoftheileocecalvalveistopreventbackflowfromthelargeintestinetothesmallintestine. a. TheabovestatementisTRUE b. TheabovestatementisFALSE  31. Alackoffunctioningsalivaryamylasewouldpreventanindividualfrombeingabletodigestlactose. a. TheabovestatementisTRUE b. TheabovestatementisFALSE  32. Bileisresponsiblefordigestingtriglyceridesintomonoglycerides. a. TheabovestatementisTRUE b. TheabovestatementisFALSE  33. Mostofthedigestivetractislinedby______epithelium. a. pseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnar b. cuboidal c. stratifiedsquamous d. simplecuboidalwithadaptationsthatincreasesurfacearea(e.g.,microvilli) e. simplecolumnar  34. Wavesofmuscularcontractionsthatpropelthecontentsofthedigestivetractfromonepointtoanotherare called: a. segmentation. b. pendularmovements. c. peristalsis. d. churningmovements. e. mastication.  

4



35. ‘Gastricpits’are: a. ridgesinthebodyofthestomach. b. involvedinabsorptionofliquidsfromthestomach. c. pocketsintheliningofthestomachthatcontainsecretorycells. d. locatedintheesophagus. e. areaswhereproteinsandnonlipophiliccarbohydratesaredigested.  36. Plicaeandintestinalvilli: a. increasethesurfaceareaofthemucosaofthesmallintestine. b. carryproductsofdigestionthatwillnotpassthroughthewallsorbloodcapillaries. c. producenewcellsforthemucosaofthesmallintestineandgallbladder. d. producehormonessuchaserythropoietin e. 2oftheabove  37. Submucosalglandsthatsecretealkalinemucusarecharacteristicofthe: a. duodenum. b. jejunum. c. ileum. d. pancreas. e. liver.  38. Theportionofthesmallintestinethatattachestothelargeintestineisthe: a. cecum. b. appendix. c. ileum. d. duodenum. e. jejunum.  39. Anintestinalhormonethatstimulatesthepancreastoreleaseawaterysecretionthatishighinbicarbonate ion(andthusquitealkaline)is: a. enterocrinin. b. secretin. c. cholecystokinin. d. GIP. e. gastrin.  40. Anintestinalhormonethatstimulatesthegallbladdertoreleasebileis: a. enterokinase. b. secretin. c. cholecystokinin. d. GIP. e. gastrin.  41. Inthecenterofaliverlobulethereisa(n): a. hepaticduct. b. portalarea. c. sinusoid. d. centralvein. e. portalvein.     

5



42. Eachofthefollowingisafunctionoftheliver,except: a. synthesisandsecretionofbile. b. antibodyproduction. c. synthesisofplasmaproteinssuchasclottingfactors. d. inactivationoftoxins. e. nutrientprocessingandstorage.  43. Duringthe‘cephalicphase’ofgastricsecretion: a. thestomachrespondstodistention. b. secretininhibitsparietalandchiefcells. c. thereisanincreasedflowofactionpotentialsalongthevagusnervetothestomach. d. theintestinalreflexinhibitsgastricemptying. e. productionofgastricjuiceslowsdown.  44. The‘gastricphase’ofgastricsecretionistriggeredbythe: a. sight,thoughtorsmelloffood. b. entryoffoodintothestomach. c. entryofchymeintothesmallintestine. d. entryofchymeintothelargeintestine. e. releaseofcholecystokininandsecretinbythesmallintestine.  45. Functionsofthelargeintestineinclude: a. chemicaldigestionofchyme. b. temporaryfoodstorage. c. resorptionofwaterandcompactionoffeces. d. absorptionoftheproductsofdigestion. e. Bothbandc  46. Decreasedlevelsofbilesaltsinthebilewouldinterferewithdigestionof: a. protein. b. fat. c. disaccharides. d. complexcarbohydrates. e. vitamins.  47. Marysuffersfromadiseasethatcausesalargeportionofhergastricmucosatoatrophy.Thisresultsin significantlylesssecretionbythegastricglands.Asaresultofthiscondition,youwouldexpectMaryto sufferfrom: a. hepatitis b. perniciousanemia. c. diarrheaandconstipation d. dehydration. e. obstructiveboweldisease.  48. Atthejunctionofthemainpancreaticductandthecommonbileductisanenlargedareacalledthe hepatopancreaticampulla. a. TheabovestatementisTRUE b. TheabovestatementisFALSE     

6



49. Fromtheesophagustotheanalcanal,thewallsofeveryorganofthealimentarycanalaremadeupofthe samefourbasiclayers.Arrangetheminorderfromthelumen. a. muscularisexterna,serosa,mucosa,andsubmucosa b. serosa,mucosa,submucosa,andmuscularisexterna c. submucosa,serosa,muscularisexterna,andmucosa d. mucosa,submucosa,muscularisexterna,andserosa  50. Whichofthefollowingisnottrueofsaliva? a. Cleansesthemouth b. Containsenzymesthatbeginthebreakdownofproteins. c. Moistensfoodandaidsincompactingofthebolus. d. Dissolvesfoodchemicalssothatcanbetasted. e. Containschemicalsthathelprepelpathogens  51. Hepatocytesdonot: a. producedigestiveenzymes. b. processnutrients. c. storefatsolublevitamins. d. detoxify.  52. Asthefoodinthestomachisrepeatedlysqueezedandmixedwithgastricjuice,itisconvertedintoacreamy pastecalled: a. abolus. b. chyme. c. bile. d. feces. e. Noneoftheabove  53. Selectthecorrectstatementabouttheregulationofgastricsecretion. a. Vagusstimulationofthestomachresultsindecreasedsecretionofgastricjuice. b. Thepresenceoffoodinthestomachpreventshormonalcontrolofgastricsecretion. c. Gastricsecretioncanbestimulatedbeforefoodhasenteredthemouth. d. GastricsecretionisenhancedbyverylowpH(belowpH2). e. 2oftheabovearecorrect  54. AnindividualwhounderwentacompletegastrectomywouldbeUNABLEtodigestproteins a. TheabovestatementisTRUE b. TheabovestatementisFALSE  55. WhichofthefollowingistheMOSTINFERIOR? a. Fundusofthestomach b. Ileocecalvalve c. Diaphragm d. Hepatopancreaticsphincter e. IsletsofLangerhans  56. Whichofthefollowingbasicdigestiveprocessesinvolve(s)skeletalmuscle? a. Ingestion b. Propulsion c. Defecation d. Mechanicaldigestion e. Alloftheabove  

7



57. WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredanendocrineorgan? a. Stomach b. Colon c. Duodenum d. Pancreas e. NONEoftheabovecanbeconsideredendocrineorgans  58. WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE? a. Muscularisexternaisalwayssmoothmuscle b. Mucosaecansecretemucus c. Submucosacontainsbloodvessels d. Mucosacontainsbloodvessels e. Mucosacontainssmoothmuscle  59. Whichofthefollowingsecretionsismismatched? a. Duodenum–alkalinemucus b. Parietalcells–hydrochloricacid c. Liver–bile d. Pancreas–proteindigestingenzymes e. Chiefcells–gastrin  60. Theliver: a. Receivesbloodfromthehepaticarteryandhepaticportalvein b. Producesbile–anemulsifieroffats c. Isjustinferiortothediaphragmontherightsideoftheabdominalcavity d. Iscomposedprimarilyofhepatocytes e. Alloftheabove  61. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheliverlobule? a. Bileflowstowardsthecentralvein. b. Bloodflowsawayfromthecentralvein c. Eachliverlobuleisassociatedwith4portaltriads d. Eachportaltriadisassociatedwith2bloodvesselsandonebileduct e. Alloftheabove  62. WhichofthefollowingisTRUE? a. Pancreaticacinisecretethehormonesinsulinandglucagon b. Pancreaticjuiceisbicarbonaterichandthusquiteacidic c. Pancreaticductcellssecretedigestiveenzymessuchaspancreaticlipase d. Thepancreasisthesmallestdigestiveorgan e. Noneoftheabove  63. WhichofthefollowingareNOTfoundinboththelargeandsmallintestines? a. Gobletcells b. Simplecolumnarepithelialcells c. Laminapropria d. Teniacoli e. Smoothmusclecells      

8



64. Gobletcells: a. Secretemucus b. Arefoundinthesmallintestine c. Arefoundinthelargeintestine d. Alloftheabove e. 2oftheabove  65. Xerostomiaisaconditionmarkedbydiminishedsalivasecretion.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikely  beassociatedwithxerostomia? a. ↑likelihoodofdentalcaries b. ↑abilitytodigeststarchwithintheoralcavity c. ↑abilitytodigestproteinwithintheoralcavity d. ↑abilitytocontroltheskeletalmuscleinthecardiacsphincter e. Alloftheabove  66. Inaconditionknownasachalasia,foodtendstoaccumulatewithintheesophagus.Whichofthefollowing sphinctersismostlikelyinvolved? a. Hepatopancreatic b. Urinary c. Internalanal d. Cardiac e. Pyloric  67. Perniciousanemiawouldmostlikelyindicatedamagetowhichofthefollowing? a. CryptsofLieberkuhn b. Commonhepaticduct c. Chiefcells d. Parietalcells e. Parotidglands  68. Steatorrheaisasituationwhereexcessiveundigestedfatsarepresentinthefeces.Whichofthefollowingis mostlikelytobeacauseofsteatorrhea? a. Inabilitytosecreteintrinsicfactor b. Inabilitytosecretepancreaticlipase c. Inabilitytosecretebile d. Inabilitytosecretelysozyme e. Morethanoneoftheabove  69. Cholecystokinin: a. Inhibitsgastricsecretionandmotility b. Stimulatescontractionofsmoothmuscleinthegallbladder c. Stimulatesrelaxationofthehepatopancreaticsphincter d. Stimulateszymogensecretionbypancreaticacinarcells e. Alloftheabove  70. Whaleslackthecapacitytoproducebile.Whatcouldbeconcludedfromthisfact? a. Whaledietstypicallyarelowinfats b. Whaledietstypicallyarelowinprotein c. Whalesdonotperformaerobicrespiration d. Whaleslacksmoothmuscleintheirgastrointestinalwalls e. Alloftheabove  

9



71. Duringembryonicdevelopmentthepancreasactuallybudsoutfromanotherorgan.Whichofthefollowing isthemostlikelyorgan? a. Parotid b. Duodenum c. Sigmoidcolon d. Esophagus e. Cecum  72. WhichofthefollowingistheMOSTSUPERIOR? a. Cecum b. Vermiformappendix c. Sigmoidcolon d. Hepaticflexureofthecolon e. Pubicsymphysis  73. WhichofthefollowingisNOTfoundinthelargeintestine? a. Gobletcells b. Teniacoli c. Haustra d. Villi e. Submucosa  74. Carefulexaminationofthegallbladdermucosawillrevealthepresenceofrugae.Whichofthefollowing couldbeafunctionoftherugae? a. Allowsthegallbladdertocontractmightilyinresponsetogastrin. b. Allowsthesurfaceareaofthegallbladdertobeincreased,soastofacilitatenutrientabsorption. c. Helpsmetabolizebileintobilirubin. d. Allowsthegallbladdertoexpandasitsvolumeofstoredbileincreases. e. Morethanoneoftheaboveistrue.  75. AnautoimmunediseaseinwhichTcellsdestroyedtheparietalcellsofthegastricmucosacouldresultin: a. Perniciousanemia. b. Astomachlumenthatismorehospitabletobacterialmultiplication. c. Adecreasedinthestomach’sabilitytodigestproteins. d. Alloftheabove. e. Only2oftheabove.  76. Cysticfibrosiscanresultinblockagesofthemainpancreaticduct.Thiscould: a. Decreaseanindividual’sabilitytodigestfats. b. Preventthereleaseofcholecystokinin. c. Decreasethelikelihoodofacidicchymedamagingtheduodenalmucosa. d. Alloftheabove e. Noneoftheabove  77. WhichofthefollowingisTRUE? a. Eachintestinalvilluscontainsbloodandlymphaticcapillaries. b. Thebrushborderincreasesintestinalsurfacearea. c. Theileumisthelongestportionofthesmallintestine. d. Alloftheabove e. 2oftheabove    

10



78. WhichofthefollowingprocessesisLEASTdependentonmuscletissue? a. Ingestion b. Propulsion c. Defecation d. Mechanicaldigestion e. Absorption  79. Certainpancreaticcellssecretebicarbonate.Sincethisbicarbonateisformedfromcarbondioxideand water,thesecellscontaintheenzyme: a. Trypsin b. Lysozyme c. Carbonicanhydrase d. Amylase  80. Thelossofwhichofthefollowingorganswouldhavethemostdetrimentaleffectonthebody? a. Pancreas b. Submandibularglands c. Internalanalsphincter d. Gallbladder e. Teeth  81. Thesimplediagrambelowisofaliverlobule. a. Namethevesselinthecenter.  b. Aportaltriadisontheleftofthelobule.Labelits3structuresandwritedownwhateachcarries (bespecific).  c. Whattypeofcellsistheinteriorofthelobulecomposedof?Whatare2oftheirfunctions?              82. Intheearly20th  centuryWilliamBaylissandErnstStarlingmadeseveralimportantphysiologicaldiscoveries concerningtheregulationofpancreaticsecretion.Inoneoftheirexperiments,theyputacidintothe duodenumofadog,andnotedthatpancreatic secretionsubsequentlyoccurredinthenormalway. Workingonthe hypothesisthatacidcausedthereleaseofsomethingfromthe duodenumintotheblood, theyscrapedsomemucosafromtheduodenum, addedacidtoit,grounditupwithsand,filtereditand injected itintravenouslyintoananaesthetizeddog.Pancreaticsecretion followedafewsecondslater.  a. Whydoyouthinktheychosetoputacidintheduodenum?  b. Whathormonemusttheir“mucosalscraping”havecontained?  c. Sincetheirinjectioncausedpancreaticsecretiontooccur,whatsphinctermusthaverelaxedin responsetotheinjection?

11...