Disc1 Adv Patho - Discussion week 1 PDF

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WEEK 1 CASE STUDY: Malabsorption Syn

WEEK 1 CASE STUDY: Malabsorption Syndrome An 83-year-old resident of a skilled nursing facility presents to the emergency department with generalized edema of extremities and abdomen. History obtained from staff reveals the patient has history of malabsorption syndrome and difficulty eating due to lack of dentures. The patient has been diagnosed with protein malnutrition.

When people eat healthy meals, their bodies are expected to reap the benefits of the vitamins and minerals in the food. However, some bodies fail to absorb the required vitamins and minerals in the body systems through the small intestine. In the current case study, the 83-year old resident reveals symptoms of malabsorption syndrome, such as generalized edema of

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extremities and abdomen and protein malnutrition. The edema is present due to the lack of protein in the bloodstream. This patients albumin level should be According to Suryawanshi, Vig, Masih, and Joseph (2018), malabsorption syndrome is a condition of the small intestine where the small intestine fails to absorb nutrients, and this involves damages to the mucosal lining of the small intestine where most of the nutrient absorption takes place. Malabsorption syndrome is thought to be genetic in nature. This is because one of the malabsorption syndrome conditions (hereditary folate malabsorption) is an inherited condition characterized by a systemic and central nervous system. Therefore, in some cases, genes play a critical part in advancing malabsorption conditions. In the case study, the patient presents the stated symptoms because his body lacks the ability to absorb the required nutrients from the diet leading to nutrient malnutrition. On the other hand, the malabsorption syndrome causes swelling of the abdomen due to excessive fluid trapped in the body’s tissues, which often limit the patient’s ability to eat. Abreu, Bento, Oliveira, and Morgado (2016) found that malabsorption syndrome interferes with the processes involved in the digestive system causing impaired absorption of almost all nutrients. However, different symptoms vary depending on the specific nutrients that are not being absorbed efficiently in the body. The 83-year patient exhibited signs of malnutrition due to a lack of sufficient intake of nutrients in the body. It is worth noting that malabsorption takes place when the function of the gastrointestinal tract is malfunctioning, and the nutrients intake is decreased. This causes nutrient-related deficiencies. In addition, Kaur, Jadeja, Garg, Rai, and Mogra (2016) indicated that digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal system needs extensive

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interaction between motor, sensory, and absorptive processes. In this cause, any interference in the interaction causes disturbances and diseases that may lead to malabsorption. Malabsorption is a condition of the intestine that causes nutrient intake impairment; thus, the cells involved in the process are the intestinal epithelial cells. These cells are organized into crypts and villi and line the intestinal lumen helping it to carry it the primary functions of digestion and absorption of nutrients. Malabsorption conditions alter the normal functioning of the cells, causing a reduction in the ability to absorb nutrients into the body. According to Patnayak et al. (2016), when diffuse conditions such as Crohn disease or celiac disease affect the intestinal epithelial cells, the absorption of almost all vitamins and minerals is impaired. Several medical experts argue that malabsorption may affect individuals based on other characteristics, such as gender, age, and genetics. For instance, children with malabsorption may stop growing properly as their weight or the rate of gaining weight may fall significantly below that of other kids of the same gender and age. Therefore, factors such as gender, age, genetics, as well as ethnicity may play a role in the advancement of malabsorption syndrome across populations.

References Abreu, R., Bento, C., Oliveira, L., & Morgado, T. (2016). Malabsorption syndrome as a rare cause of nephrocalcinosis. Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism, 13(3), 247.

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Kaur, A., Jadeja, P., Garg, N., Rai, S. M., & Mogra, N. (2016). Evaluation of small intestinal biopsies in malabsorption syndromes. Ann Lab Med, 3. Patnayak, R., Suresh, V., Jena, A., Madhu, K., Phaneendra, B. V., & Reddy, V. (2016). The maladies of malabsorption. Journal of pediatric neurosciences, 11(1), 74. Suryawanshi, M. K., Vig, T., Masih, D., & Joseph, R. (2018). Lower intestinal langerhans cell histiocytosis masquerading as chronic malabsorption syndrome and failure to thrive in a child: A rare case presented with a succinct review of recent literature. Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, 39(4), 543....