Drilling Rig components (Illustrated Glossary) PDF

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Drilling Rig components (Illustrated Glossary) Hyderdad Khoso

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D r illin g Rig Com p on e n t s Click on t he nam e below or a num ber on t he gr aphic t o see a definit ion and a m or e det ailed phot o of t he obj ect . Cr ow n Block and Wat er Table Cat line Boom and Hoist Line Dr illing Line Monk ey boar d Tr av eling Block Top Drive Mast Dr ill Pipe Doghouse Blow out Pr ev ent er Wat er Tan k Elect r ic Cable Tr ay En gin e Gen er at or Set s Fuel Tank Elect r ical Cont r ol House Mu d Pu m ps Bulk Mud Com ponent Tank s Mud Tank s ( Pit s) Reser v e Pit Mud- Gas Separ at or Shale Shak er s Choke Manifold Pipe Ram p Pipe Rack s Accum ulat or

Addit ional r ig com ponent s not illust r at ed at r ight . 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.

Annulus Brake Casin g Head Cat head Cat walk Cellar Conduct or Pipe Degasser Desander Desilt er Dr aw w or k s

Equ ipm e n t u se d in dr illin g

48. 49. 50.

Ram BOP Rat hole Rot ar y Hose

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Plug and Abandon the Well

I llu st r a t e d Glossa r y

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

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37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47.

Dr ill Bit Dr ill Collar s Dr iller 's Console Elev at or s Hoist in g Lin e Hook Kelly Kelly Bushing Kelly Spin n er Mousehole Mud Ret ur n Line

51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61.

Rot ar y Table Slips Spinning chain St air w ay s St andpipe Sur face Casing Subst r uct ur e Swivel Tongs Walk w ay s Weight I ndicat or

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Accu m u la t or The st or age dev ice for nit r ogen pr essur ized hy dr aulic fluid, w hich is used in oper at ing t he blow out pr ev ent er s.

An n u la r Blow ou t Pr e v e n t e r A lar ge v alv e, usually inst alled abov e t he r am pr ev ent er s, t hat for m s a seal in t he annular space bet w een t he pipe and w ell bor e. I f no pipe is pr esent , it for m s a seal on t he w ell bor e it self.

An n u lu s The space ar ound a pipe in a w ell bor e, t he out er w all of w hich m ay be t he w all of eit her t he bor e hole or t he casing; som et im es t er m ed t he annular space.

Se a r ch

Well Completion

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Blo w o u t Pr e v e n t e r A lar ge v alv e, usually inst alled abov e t he r am pr ev ent er s, t hat for m s a seal in t he annular space bet w een t he pipe and w ell bor e or , if no pipe is pr esent , on t he w ell bor e it self.

Br a k e The br ak ing dev ice on t he dr aw w or k s t o st op a load being lift ed.

Bu lk M u d Com p on e n t s in St or a g e Hopper t y pe t ank s for st or age of dr illing fluid com ponent s.

Ca sin g H e a d A heav y , flanged st eel fit t ing connect ed t o t he fir st st r ing of casing. I t pr ov ides a housing for slips and pack ing assem blies, allow s suspension of int er m ediat e and pr oduct ion st r ings of casing, and supplies t he m eans for t he annulus t o be sealed off. Also called a spool.

Ca t h e a d A spool-shaped at t achm ent on a w inch ar ound w hich r ope for hoist ing and pulling is w ound.

Ca t lin e Boom a n d H oist Lin e A st r uct ur al fr am ew or k er ect ed near t he t op of t he der r ick for lift ing m at er ial.

Ca t w a lk The r am p at t he side of t he dr illing r ig w her e pipe is laid t o be lift ed t o t he der r ick floor by t he cat line or by an air hoist .

Ce lla r A pit in t he gr ound t o pr ov ide addit ional height bet w een t he r ig floor and t he w ell head t o accom m odat e t he inst allat ion of blow out pr ev ent er s, r at holes, m ouseholes, and so for t h. I t also collect s dr ainage w at er and ot her fluids for disposal.

Ch ok e M a n if old The ar r angem ent of piping and special v alv es, called chok es, t hr ough w hich dr illing m ud is cir culat ed w hen t he blow out pr ev ent er s ar e closed t o cont r ol t he pr essur es encount er ed dur ing a k ick .

Con d u ct or Pip e The lar gest diam et er casing and t he t opm ost lengt h of casing. I t is r elat iv ely shor t and encases t he t opm ost st r ing of casing.

Cr o w n Blo ck a n d W a t e r Ta b le An assem bly of sheav es or pulley s m ount ed on beam s at t he t op of t he der r ick . The dr illing line is r un ov er t he sheav es dow n t o t he hoist ing dr um .

D e g a sse r The equipm ent used t o r em ov e unw ant ed gas fr om a liquid, especially fr om dr illing fluid.

D e sa n de r A cent r ifugal dev ice for r em ov ing sand fr om dr illing fluid t o pr ev ent abr asion of t he pum ps. I t m ay be oper at ed m echanically or by a fast -m ov ing st r eam of fluid inside a special cone- shaped v essel, in w hich case it is som et im es called a hy dr ocy clone.

D e silt e r A cent r ifugal dev ice, sim ilar t o a desander , used t o r em ov e v er y fine par t icles, or silt , fr om dr illing fluid. This k eeps t he am ount of solids in t he fluid t o t he low est possible lev el.

D o g h o u se A sm all enclosur e on t he r ig floor used as an office for t he dr iller or as a st or ehouse for sm all obj ect s. Also, any sm all building used as an office or for st or age.

D r a w w or k s The hoist ing m echanism on a dr illing r ig. I t is essent ially a lar ge w inch t hat spools off or t ak es in t he dr illing line and t hus r aises or low er s t he dr ill st em and bit .

D r ill Bit The cut t ing or bor ing elem ent used in dr illing oil and gas w ells. Most bit s used in r ot ar y dr illing ar e r oller - cone bit s. The bit consist s of t he cut t ing elem ent s and t he cir culat ing elem ent . The cir culat ing elem ent per m it s t he passage of dr illing fluid and uses t he hy dr aulic for ce of t he fluid st r eam t o im pr ov e dr illing r at es.

D r ill Colla r A heav y , t hick - w alled t ube, usually st eel, used bet w een t he dr ill pipe and t he bit in t he dr ill st em . I t is used t o put w eight on t he bit so t hat t he bit can dr ill.

D r ill Pip e The heav y seam less t ubing used t o r ot at e t he bit and cir culat e t he dr illing fluid. Joint s of pipe 30 feet long ar e coupled t oget her w it h t ool j oint s.

D r ille r ' s Con sole The cont r ol panel, locat ed on t he plat for m , w her e t he dr iller cont r ols dr illing oper at ions.

D r illin g Lin e A w ir e r ope hoist ing line, r eev ed on sheav es of t he cr ow n block and t r av eling block ( in effect a block and t ack le) . I t s pr im ar y pur pose is t o hoist or low er dr ill pipe or casing fr om or int o a w ell. Also, a w ir e r ope used t o suppor t t he dr illing t ools.

Ele ct r ic Co n t r o l H o u se On diesel elect r ic r igs, pow er ful diesel engines dr iv e lar ge elect r ic gener at or s. The gener at or s pr oduce elect r icit y t hat flow s t hr ough cables t o elect r ic sw it ches and cont r ol equipm ent enclosed in a cont r ol cabinet or panel. Elect r icit y is fed t o elect r ic m ot or s v ia t he panel.

Ele ct r ic Ca b le Tr a y Suppor t s t he heav y elect r ical cables t hat feed t he pow er fr om t he cont r ol panel t o t he r ig m ot or s.

Ele v a t or s A set of clam ps t hat gr ips a st and, or colum n, of casing, t ubing, dr ill pipe, or suck er r ods, so t he st and can be r aised or low er ed int o t he hole.

En g in e Ge n e r a t or Se t s A diesel, Liquefied Pet r oleum Gas ( LPG) , nat ur al gas, or gasoline engine, along w it h a m echanical t r ansm ission and gener at or for pr oducing pow er for t he dr illing r ig. New er r igs use elect r ic gener at or s t o pow er elect r ic m ot or s on t he ot her par t s of t he r ig.

Fu e l Ta n k s Fuel st or age t ank s for t he pow er gener at ing sy st em .

H oist in g Lin e A w ir e r ope used in hoist ing oper at ions. Must confor m t o t he API st andar ds for it s int ended uses.

H ook A lar ge, hook - shaped dev ice fr om w hich t he elev at or bails or t he sw iv el is suspended. I t is designed t o car r y m ax im um loads r anging fr om 1 0 0 t o 6 5 0 t ons and t ur ns on bear ings in it s suppor t ing housing.

Ke lly The heav y squar e or hex agonal st eel m em ber suspended fr om t he sw iv el t hr ough t he r ot ar y t able. I t is connect ed t o t he t opm ost j oint of dr ill pipe t o t ur n t he dr ill st em as t he rot ary t able t urns.

Ke lly Bu sh in g A dev ice fit t ed t o t he r ot ar y t able t hr ough w hich t he k elly passes. I t is t he m eans by w hich t he t or que of t he r ot ar y t able is t r ansm it t ed t o t he k elly and t o t he dr ill st em . Also called t he dr iv e bushing.

Ke lly Sp in n e r A dev ice for spinning t he dr ill pipe. Replaces t he spinning chain.

M a st A por t able der r ick capable of being er ect ed as a unit , as dist inguished fr om a st andar d der r ick , w hich cannot be r aised t o a w or k ing posit ion as a unit .

M on k e y b oa r d The der r ick m an's w or k ing plat for m . Double boar d, t r ibble boar d, four able boar d; a m onk ey boar d locat ed at a height in t he der r ick or m ast equal t o t w o, t hr ee, or four lengt hs of pipe r espect iv ely .

M ou se h ole Shallow bor es under t he r ig floor , usually lined w it h pipe, in w hich j oint s of dr ill pipe ar e t em por ar ily suspended for lat er connect ion t o t he dr ill st r ing.

M u d - Ga s Se p a r a t or A dev ice t hat r em ov es gas fr om t he m ud com ing out of a w ell w hen a k ick is being cir culat ed out .

M u d Pit s A ser ies of open t ank s, usually m ade of st eel plat es, t hr ough w hich t he dr illing m ud is cy cled t o allow sand and sedim ent s t o set t le out . Addit iv es ar e m ix ed w it h t he m ud in t he pit , and t he fluid is t em por ar ily st or ed t her e befor e being pum ped back int o t he w ell. Mud pit com par t m ent s ar e also called shak er pit s, set t ling pit s, and suct ion pit s, depending on t heir m ain pur pose.

M u d Pu m p A lar ge r ecipr ocat ing pum p used t o cir culat e t he m ud ( dr illing fluid) on a dr illing r ig.

M u d Re t u r n Lin e A t r ough or pipe, placed bet w een t he sur face connect ions at t he w ell bor e and t he shale shak er . Dr illing m ud flow s t hr ough it upon it s r et ur n t o t he sur face fr om t he hole.

Pip e Ra ck s A hor izont al suppor t for t ubular goods.

Pip e Ra m p An angled r am p for dr agging dr ill pipe up t o t he dr illing plat for m or br inging pipe dow n off t he dr ill plat for m .

Ra m Blow ou t Pr e v e n t e r

A blow out pr ev ent er t hat uses r am s t o seal off pr essur e on a hole t hat is w it h or w it hout pipe. I t is also called a r am pr ev ent er . Ram -t y pe pr ev ent er s hav e int er changeable r am block s t o accom m odat e differ ent O. D. dr ill pipe, casing, or t ubing.

Ra t h o le A hole in t he r ig floor 30 t o 35 feet deep, lined w it h casing t hat pr oj ect s abov e t he floor . The k elly is placed in t he r at hole w hen hoist ing oper at ions ar e in pr ogr ess.

Re se r v e Pit s A m ud pit in w hich a supply of dr illing fluid has been st or ed. Also, a w ast e pit , usually an ex cav at ed, ear t hen w alled pit . I t m ay be lined w it h plast ic t o pr ev ent soil cont am inat ion.

Rot a r y H ose The hose on a r ot ar y dr illing r ig t hat conduct s t he dr illing fluid fr om t he m ud pum p and st andpipe t o t he sw iv el and k elly ; also called t he m ud hose or t he k elly hose.

Rot a r y Ta b le The pr incipal com ponent of a r ot ar y , or r ot ar y m achine, used t o t ur n t he dr ill st em and suppor t t he dr illing assem bly . I t has a bev eled gear ar r angem ent t o cr eat e t he r ot at ional m ot ion and an opening int o w hich bushings ar e fit t ed t o dr iv e and suppor t t he dr illing assem bly . Not e t he pipe spinner ( in r ed) on t he side of t he sw iv el.

Sh a le Sh a k e r A ser ies of t r ay s w it h siev es or scr eens t hat v ibr at e t o r em ov e cut t ings fr om cir culat ing fluid in r ot ar y dr illing oper at ions. The size of t he openings in t he siev e is select ed t o m at ch t he size of t he solids in t he dr illing fluid and t he ant icipat ed size of cut t ings. Also called a shak er .

Slips Wedge-shaped pieces of m et al w it h t eet h or ot her gr ipping elem ent s t hat ar e used t o pr ev ent pipe fr om slipping dow n int o t he hole or t o hold pipe in place. Rot ar y slips fit ar ound t he dr ill pipe and w edge against t he m ast er bushing t o suppor t t he pipe. Pow er slips ar e pneum at ically or hy dr aulically act uat ed dev ices t hat allow t he cr ew t o dispense w it h t he m anual handling of slips w hen m ak ing a connect ion. Pack er s and ot her dow n hole equipm ent ar e secur ed in posit ion by slips t hat engage t he pipe by act ion dir ect ed at t he sur face.

Sp in n in g Ch a in A r elat iv ely shor t lengt h of chain at t ached t o t he t ong pull chain on t he m anual t ongs used t o m ak e up dr ill pipe. The spinning chain is at t ached t o t he pull chain so t hat a cr ew m em ber can w r ap t he spinning chain sev er al t im es ar ound t he t ool j oint box of a j oint of dr ill pipe suspended in t he r ot ar y t able. Aft er cr ew m em ber s st ab t he pin of anot her t ool j oint int o t he box end, one of t hem t hen gr asps t he end of t he spinning chain and w it h a r apid upw ar d m ot ion of t he w r ist " t hr ow s t he spinning chain" —t hat is, causes it

t o unw r ap fr om t he box and coil upw ar d ont o t he body of t he j oint st abbed int o t he box . The dr iller t hen act uat es t he m ak eup cat head t o pull t he chain off of t he pipe body , w hich causes t he pipe t o spin and t hus t he pin t hr eads t o spin int o t he box .

St a ir w a y s St air s leading fr om one lev el t o anot her . Pr ot ect ed w it h handr ails.

St a n dpipe A v er t ical pipe r ising along t he side of t he der r ick or m ast . I t j oins t he dischar ge line leading fr om t he m ud pum p t o t he r ot ar y hose and t hr ough w hich m ud is pum ped going int o t he hole.

Su b st r u ct u r e The foundat ion on w hich t he der r ick or m ast and usually t he dr aw w or k s sit ; cont ains space for st or age and w ell cont r ol equipm ent .

Su r f a ce Ca sin g Usually t he fir st casing t o be r un in a w ell. This is done aft er spudding- in so a blow out pr ev ent er can be inst alled befor e dr illing is st ar t ed.

Sw iv e l A r ot ar y t ool t hat is hung fr om t he r ot ar y hook and t r av eling block t o suspend and per m it fr ee r ot at ion of t he dr ill st em . I t also pr ov ides a connect ion for t he r ot ar y hose and a passagew ay for t he flow of dr illing fluid int o t he dr ill st em .

To n g s The lar ge w r enches used for t ur ning w hen m ak ing up or br eak ing out dr ill pipe, casing, t ubing, or ot her pipe; v ar iously called casing t ongs, r ot ar y t ongs, and so for t h accor ding t o t he specific use. Pow er t ongs ar e

pneum at ically or hy dr aulically oper at ed t ools t hat spin t he pipe up and, in som e inst ances, apply t he final m ak eup t or que.

Top D r iv e The t op dr iv e r ot at es t he dr ill st r ing end bit w it hout t he use of a k elly and r ot ar y t able. The t op dr iv e is oper at ed fr om a cont r ol console on t he r ig floor .

Tr a v e lin g Block An ar r angem ent of pulley s or sheav es t hr ough w hich dr illing cable is r eev ed, w hich m ov es up or dow n in t he der r ick or m ast .

W a lk w a y s An ar ea clear ed for m ov ing t hr ough by per sonnel and pr ot ect ed w it h a handr ail.

W a t e r Ta nk I s used t o st or e w at er t hat is used for m ud m ix ing, cem ent ing, and r ig cleaning.

W e ig h t I n d ica t o r A dev ice for m easur ing t he w eight of t he dr ill st r ing. Mont hly calibr at ion t o calculat ed dr ill st r ing w eight is r equir ed by API .

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Pr iv acy an d Secu r it y St at em en t Occu pat ion al Saf et y & Healt h Adm in ist r at ion 2 0 0 Con st it u t ion Av en u e, NW Wash in gt on , DC 2 0 2 1 0

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U . S. D e p a r t m e n t o f La b o r Occu p a t ion a l Sa f e t y & H e a lt h Ad m in ist r a t ion [ sk ip n av ig at ion al lin k s]

Home

General Safety

Site Preparation

Drilling

Se a r ch

Well Completion

Ad v a n ce d Se a r ch

Servicing

| A- Z

I ndex

Plug and Abandon the Well

Glossa r y of Te r m s A B CD EFGH I JKL M NOPRS TUV W * This is an abr idged v er sion of t he D ict ion a r y of Pe t r ole u m Te r m s pr ov ided by Pet ex and t he Univ er sit y of Tex as Aust in © Pet ex 2001 A a b a n d on v : t o t em por ar ily or per m anent ly cease pr oduct ion fr om a w ell or t o cease fur t her dr illing oper at ions. a b n o r m a l p r e ssu r e n:...