E4 Los verbos modales no abrir es para premium PDF

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Gramática: Los verbos modales Los verbos modales son verbos auxiliares que expresan certidumbre, posibilidad, necesidad, habilidad, disposición y obligación. Además se utilizan para construir el futuro y el condicional. Van siempre acompañados de otro verbo.

CAN - MAY - HAVE TO En el siguiente esquema, se explican brevemente los usos de los verbos modales presentados en Básico 2, que nos va a ayudar a resolver los ejercicios que siguen:

ability

obligation

possibility permission

necessity 1

Can May

(1) You

leave early today. No problem.

(2) I have two alternatives. I (3) Help her, please!!!! She (4) You

Have to

fix my printer or buy a new one. swim!

draw the picture. You

(5) I’m sorry, Ben. I

go to the movies. I

send me a photo. study for a test.

Si bien la mayoría de los verbos modales no modifican su FORMA de acuerdo a la persona, el verbo HAVE TO se comporta de forma diferente, como lo resume el siguiente cuadro.

FOCUS ON FORM

Example: FORMS OF HAVE TO

Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

I/you/we/they HAVE TO take a test.

I/you/we/they DO NOT HAVE TO take a test. (DON’T HAVE TO)

He/she/it HAS TO be on time.

He/she/it DOES NOT HAVE TO be on DOES he/she/it HAVE TO be on time? time. (DOESN’T HAVE TO)

Interrogative-Negative

DO I/you/we/they HAVE TO take a test?

DO I/you/we/they NOT HAVE TO …? / DON’T I/you/we/they HAVE TO …? DOES he/she/it NOT HAVE TO …? / DOESN’T he/she/ it HAVE TO …?

En el examen final, debemos poder discernir entre varios MODAL VERBS tanto por su uso como por la FORMA correcta para cada caso. Las preguntas son variadas y siguen el formato de 5 opciones, como en los ejemplos a continuación.

2

(1) Choose the right option for the blank. Kathy is really sick. She take this medicine every 6 hours. A. B. C. D. E.

(FORM)

have has has to doesn’t have to have to

(2) Choose the right option for the blank. A: . B: I’m sorry. This seat is taken. A. B. C. D. E.

(FORM + USE)

I can sit here? Do I sit here? May I sit here? I may sit here? Where can I sit?

(3) Choose the right option for the blank. A: Why are you so stressed? B: Because I have a test tomorrow. I

study all day. I

go out!

(USE)

A. B. C. D. E.

can / may may / can’t have / can’t can’t / may have to / can’t

(4) Choose the right option for the blank. A: Where is Tom right now? B: I’m not sure. He be at work. A. B. C. D. E.

(FORM + USE)

can’t may has to have to is

(5) Choose the right option for the blank. Do you have cash? The store A. can take B. doesn’t have to

(FORM + USE)

credit cards. C. not take D. may take

E. may not take 3

MUST - SHOULD Analice el uso de los modales MUST y SHOULD expresados a continuación. Luego observe los ejemplos. MUST = obligation / strong necessity / prohibition (negative) / logical conclusion SHOULD = recommendation or advise / probability

(1) All workers must wear safety helmets in work areas.

Obligation or necessity

(2) Jack just called me to tell me he was coming. He must be on his way. Logical conclusion (3) You mustn’t turn left here. It’s a one-way street.

Prohibition

(4) You should work less and relax more. You’re terribly stressed!

Recommendation

(5) Tom left the store right after me. He should be here any minute.

Probability

Seleccione la opción correcta en cada caso.

(1) You mustn’t smoke here. It’s not allowed. shouldn’t (2) The doctor says you must do exercise and eat healthy if you want to feel better. should (3) She’s working late every day. She must be really tired and stressed. should (4) You must practice more to learn the use of the modals. should

4

Complete los espacios con el verbo modal que corresponda.

(1) Due to the coronavirus pandemic, in some countries, you directive. (2) In some parts of China, for example, you

wear a face mask; it’s a government

be arrested for not wearing a mask.

(3) But in many other parts of the world, it’s not obligatory. You

or

not wear a mask.

(3) However, as the virus spreads worldwide, doctors advise the use of face masks. They say we masks when we do the shopping, for example.

En el siguiente cuadro, se resumen los usos de los verbos modales presentados en Básico 2 y Básico 3.

wear

MODAL VERBS: CAN, MAY, HAVE TO, MUST, SHOULD MODAL

USE 1

USE 2

USE 3

ability

possibility

permission

She can speak English and French.

It can get really hot here during the afternoon.

You can leave early today; no problem.

possibility

permission

It may rain today.

May I borrow your umbrella?

CAN

MAY

HAVE TO

necessity

obligation

I have to leave now. They are waiting for me.

I have to study hard to pass the test.

lack of necessity DON’T / DOESN’T HAVE TO

5

You don’t have to take notes; all the information is available online.

strong necessity

obligation

logical conclusion

We must try to help Nicky; he’s our oldest friend.

Workers must wear a helmet in the factory.

He always takes the 2 o ´clock bus to school. He must be on the bus now.

MUST

prohibition MUSTN’T You mustn’t smoke here.

advise

probability

You should do some exercise regularly.

He left the store right after me. He should be here any minute.

SHOULD

Para hacer un repaso del uso de los verbos modales trabajados hasta ahora, seleccione la/s opción/es correctas en cada caso.

(1) Which modal(s) express possibility? must have to may can (2) Which word can be used to give permission? mustn’t may should have to (3) Which modal expresses a compulsory action? can should may must (4) Which TWO uses can MAY serve? asking for permission expressing certainty expressing possibility prohibiting an action (5) Which word(s) have the same meaning as “it’s necessary”? must have to may can (6) Which word(s) have the same meaning as “it’s optional or it’s not necessary”? must have to should don’t have to

6

(7) Which word(s) have the same meaning as “it’s a bad idea”? shouldn’t mustn’t don’t have to can’t

En los siguientes ejercicios, lea la situación y seleccione el modal apropiado para cada caso.

1)

A: I’m so tired! B: You _________ go home and take a nap.

may

(2)

A: How long does the battery on your cell phone last? B: It lasts for three days. I’m glad that I _________ charge it every day.

shouldn’t

(3)

A: It’s cold outside. B: You _________ go outside without a jacket or a coat.

(4)

A: Class starts at 8:30 and the teacher says we must be there on time. B: We _______ leave by 8:15, then.

(5)

A: I need to see Dr. Bennett. B: She’s with a patient now, but she ______ see you in half an hour.

should

musn’t

can

has to

have to

don’t have to

shouldn’t

have to

can

El siguiente cuadro compara verbos modales que son semejantes y destaca sus diferencias.

mustn’t 7

don’t have to

should

should

Modal verb

FORM

USE

Affirmative I can play the piano.

CAN

Negative I cannot / can’t play the piano. Interrogative Can you play the piano

Ability Affirmative She is able to play the piano.

BE ABLE TO

Negative She is not able to play the piano. isn’t Interrogative Is she able to play the piano?

● It can be used in the PAST and the FUTURE, too. 8

Affirmative We must drive on the right.

MUST

Negative We mustn’t drive on the right. Interrogative Must we drive on the right?

Affirmative We have to send the answers by mail.

HAVE TO

Negative We don’t have to send the answers by mail. Interrogative Do we have to send the answers by mail?

● It can be used in the PAST and the FUTURE, too.

Obligation or Necessity

Cuando comparamos dos verbos modales similares, vamos a poder llegar a conclusiones como las que figuran en la columna del centro en rojo. Tanto el CAN como el BE ABLE TO expresan habilidad, pero solo el segundo verbo modal se puede conjugar en pasado o en futuro. Lo mismo sucede entre MUST y HAVE TO. Por eso, para expresar las oraciones (1) y (2) de abajo en pasado y en futuro, debo recurrir a las formas que lo permiten.

(1) He must write a report every week.

PRESENTE

He had to write a report every week.

PASADO

He will have to write a report every week.

FUTURO

(2) She can type faster than anyone.

PRESENTE

She was able to type faster than anyone.

PASADO

She will be able to type faster than anyone.

FUTURO

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