Earth- Science Q1 Week1 Silabay Gee Castro Maricel Soria Maria Stella PDF

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Earth SCIENCE FOR GR 11 WEEK 1
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Control No: _______________

SLK for EARTH SCIENCE GRADE 11 QUARTER 1WEEK 1

I. PRELIMINARIES Competencies 1. Describe the characteristics of Earth that are necessary to support life. 2. Explain that the Earth consists of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and energy flow. 3. Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties. By the end of this SLK, you will be able to: Objectives Lesson 1 a. Describe the characteristics of Earth that are necessary to support life. b. Determine the four subsystems of the earth. Lesson 2 c. Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties. d. Give the importance of conserving the mineral resources on Earth. Topics 1. Characteristics of the Earth 2. Four Subsystems of the Earth 3. Rock-forming minerals and their physical and chemical properties Earth and Life Sciences for Senior High School and Online Sources Textbook Materials glue/paste, scissors, pen, and answer sheets DepEd Talisay City Copyrights 86 Total Points Date September 13-17, 2021 II. CONTENT MAP Welcome to our new school year! As your first lesson for the first quarter, you will be learning more about our planet and its sustainability to life. Study the map below as your guide for the new topic.

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PlanetEarth

Characteristics that are necessary to support life

Four Subsystems

Hydrosphere Geosphere

Common Rock-forming Minerals Physical Properties Chemical Properties

Atmosphere Biosphere

III. CONTENT NOTES LESSON 1 ➢ Characteristics of Earth that are necessary to support life ➢ Earth’s Four Subsystems

Characteristics of Earth that are necessary to support life A. Water-Earth is also known as the blue planet because two-thirds of it is covered by water. It is undeniable that water plays an important role for all living organisms in the planet. Water allows many reactions and works as a universal solvent. All life forms need water Life is not possible on Earth without water. Properties of Water That Enable Existence of Life • • •

Density. Ice floats on the surface of liquid water because ice has a lower density. Transition Temperatures. The consistency of water in maintaining liquid form at room temperatures are important as it allows flow and transfer of substances from the cell to its environment and vice versa. Heat Capacity. If water doesn’t have a high heat capacity, our temperature can get too high quickly which can be highly detrimental to most organisms.

B. The Moon-The Earth has a slight tilt and hovers like a top as it spins, which can cause drastic shifts in climate over the course of thousands of years. But because of the moon's stabilizing effect on our orbit, our climate is a lot steadier.

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C. The Sun- Our sun is a yellow dwarf, a relatively rare type of star that's both small and stable. It also has a long life, and probably won't start to fizzle out for another five billion years or so. Larger stars generally burn hotter and die sooner, while smaller stars tend to spit out enormous plumes of radiation. Earth is at the right distance from the Sun, the star it orbits. If Earth was closer, it would have been too hot for life. If it was more distant, temperatures may have been very low. D. Stable Rotation-There's no reason to think that a planet without a stable rotation would be completely inhabitable (actually, some people think such "eyeball planets" could be our best bet for aliens), but the regularity and frequency of day and night on this planet go far to prevent extreme temperatures and encourage life. E. Magnetic Field-Our planet is blessed with a strong, stable magnetic field, which staves off the cosmic rays and solar flares that would otherwise fry the planet every now and then. It's also tied up with the next must-have feature on the list. F. Atmosphere-The presence of an atmosphere makes Earth livable. The atmosphere makes up all the gases on Earth. It is composed of 78.1% nitrogen, 20.9% oxygen, 0.9% argon, 350 ppm carbon dioxide, and other components. If Earth had no atmosphere, it would not have maintained the temperature and gases necessary for our survival and sustenance, it would be like the moon. Earth has the right density to keep its atmosphere; if it was lighter, the atmosphere would have escaped. It is also a reservoir of large amounts of water. These are some additional factors why Planet Earth is habitable: a) Gas-giant Neighbors: The sun and moon are great, but there is another soldier on the battlefield to help make Earth habitable: Jupiter. In general, gas giants tend to clump up near their home stars. But because they are toward the outside of our solar system, their intense gravity conveniently catches wayward asteroids and comets, making events like the one that killed the dinosaurs a rarity. b) Earth’s Isolation: Venus and Mars are close to the Earth, but our solar system is in the middle of nowhere. Because we are far from the major spiral arms of the Milky Way, we are in a lot less danger of running afoul of some greater star's gravitational pull (among other hazards).

The Earth’s Four Subsystems There are four subsystems of the Earth. These are: 1. Atmosphere 2. Geosphere 3. Hydrosphere 4. Biosphere

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Atmosphere • • • • •

It comes from the Greek words atmos which means which means gas, and sphaira which means globe or ball. It makes up of all the gases on Earth. It has no specific boundary, but an imaginary line called the Karman line separates the atmosphere and outer space. It is composed of 78.1% nitrogen, 20.9% oxygen, 0.9% argon, 350 ppm carbon dioxide, and other components. It has different layers – troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

Layers of the Atmosphere Source: www.quipper.com • • • •

•

The troposphere extends to about 14.5km above the surface of Earth. It is the lowest layer where the weather disturbances occur. The stratosphere is found 14.5km to 50km above Earth’s surface. The ozone layer that protects Earth from the sun’s harmful UV radiation is found in this layer. The mesosphere extends from 50km to 85km above Earth’s surface. It protects Earth from the impact of space debris. The thermosphere is found 85km to 600km above Earth’s surface. It has charged particles that are affected by Earth’s magnetic field. The particles create the Auroras or Northern and Southern lights. The exosphere is the farthest layer. It extends to about 10000km above Earth’s surface. 4

Geosphere • • •

It comes from the Greek word geo which means ground. It includes all the soil, rocks, and minerals present in the crust to the core of Earth. It is divided into three layers namely crust, mantle, and core

Layers of the Earth Source:www. quipper.com Layers of Earth 1. The crust is the outermost layer of the geosphere. It is made mostly of silicate materials. o

There are two different types of crust, the oceanic and continental crusts. ▪ The thin oceanic crust that lies beneath the oceanic floors is about 5km to 10km thick. ▪ On the other hand, the thicker continental crust that makes up the continents is about 15km to 70km thick.

2. The mantle, which lies just below the crust, is made mostly of silicate rocks rich in magnesium and iron. It is about 2900km thick. The mantle has increasing temperatures at increasing depths. It is subdivided into several layers based on phase changes of minerals and the material’s type of deformation. o The core, which has a radius of 3480km, is the innermost layer of Earth. o It is made up of iron and nickel. o It is comprised of two layers, the outer core, and the inner core. These two regions are separated by a boundary called Bullen discontinuity. o o o

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Hydrosphere • • • •

It comes from the Greek word hydro which means water. It is composed of all water on Earth in any form: water vapor, liquid water, and ice. It is comprised of 97.5% saltwater and 2.5% freshwater. It includes all bodies of water such as oceans, lakes, rivers, and marshes. Clouds and rain are also part of the hydrosphere.

Biosphere • • • • •

It comes from the Greek word bio which means life. It is comprised of all living things. It includes all microbes, plants, and animals. It extends to the upper areas of the atmosphere where insects and birds can be found. It also reaches the deep parts of the oceans where marine organisms can still survive.

LESSON 2 • Earth’s common rock-forming minerals and their physical and chemical properties.

Common Rock-forming Minerals and their Physical and Chemical Properties There are approximately 5,000 minerals known to man, yet most rocks are formed from combinations of a few common minerals known as “rock-forming minerals.” These rock-forming minerals include but are not limited to feldspar, quartz, garnet, and calcite. What are minerals? Minerals • the building blocks of rocks • natural occurring, inorganicsolid,crystalline substance whichhas a fixed structure and achemical compositionwhich is either fixed or which may varywithin certain defined limits. (The University of Auckland, 2005) Greenstones on the beach at Phillip Island Victoria. Source: Museum Victoria

How can a mineral be identified? • •

A particular mineral can be identified by its unique crystal structure and chemistry. Geologists use properties for identifying a mineral, which can be observed with the naked eye or determined with simple tools, such as the physical and chemical properties.

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These are the two properties that can be used to identify a mineral: Physical Properties 1.Crystal Form - It is the external shape of a mineral crystal that is determinedbyits internal atomic structure. 2.Cleavage and Fracture - Cleavage is the tendencyof minerals to break along planes of weakbondingwhile fracturerefers to an irregular oruneven break. Crystal Form Source: Britannica.com

Cleavage for mineral identification Source: rocksforkids.com

Fracture for mineral identification Source: academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu

3. Luster- It is the quality and intensity of reflected light exhibited by themineral. 4. Color and Streak Color is a unique identifying property of certainminerals but not the most reliable. Many of the 4000 knownminerals share the same color. Streak is the color of a mineral in powderedform. Weathering changes the outside color, butstreak gives the true color.

Color for Mineral Identification Source: nature.berkeley.edu

Luster for mineral identification Source: Study.com

Streak for Mineral Identification Source: Tes.com

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5. Hardness - It is a measure of the resistance of minerals to bescratched. Mohs Hardness Scale - is a qualitative ordinal scale which is used to classify mineral. Moh’s Scale Indicator Mineral 1 Talc (softest) 2 Gypsum 3 Calcite 4 Fluorite 5 Apatite 6 Orthoclase 7 Quartz 8 Topaz 9 Corundum 10 Diamond (hardest) Source: www.geologypage.com

Mineral Test Scratch with fingernail Scratch with fingernail Scratch with copper penny Easily scratch with knife Scratch with knife blade Scratch with steel file Scratch with glass Scratches quartz Scratches topaz Scratches all others

6. Specific Gravity - It is the ratio refers of the weight of a mineral to the weight of an equal volume of water. RockForming Minerals 1. Graphite

Streak

Luster

gray black black

metallic

metallic

4. Apatite

copper red green

5. Gypsum

white

2. Magnetite 3. Copper

6. Calcite

white

7. Flourite

white

8. Corundum

white

metallic

nonmetallic nonmetallic nonmetallic nonmetallic

Physical Properties Color Cleavage gray to black dark gray to black copper to brown brown, yellow light gray light, white purple, green, yellow brown, pink, white

Hardness

Specific Gravity

1

2.5

6

5.2

2.5

8.9

5

3.2

2

2.3

3

2.7

4

3.2

one none none none one three four

nonnone metallic 9 4.0 9. Quartz white nonnone metallic 7 2.7 10. Talc Light nonGray, one gray metallic white 1 2.7 Source: https://www.higp.hawaii.edu/~scott/GG101L/Jones2_minerals_chapters.pdf

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Chemical Properties • •

•

The chemical properties of minerals depend on their chemical formula and crystal structure. Solubility and melting point are chemical properties commonly used to describe a mineral. Solubility – refers the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent at a specified temperature. Example: Biotite (soluble in both acid and base solutions) Melting point – refers to the temperature at which solid turns into liquid. Minerals composed of atoms that are tightly bonded within the crystal structure have high melting point. Example: Quartzmelts above 1670 0C Minerals undergo a chemical test to determine its chemical properties. Acid Test - It shows whether a mineral sample contains carbon and oxygen. When dilute acid (HCl) is placed on a mineral itbubbles. Taste Test – NaCl (common table salt) has a distinctly saltytaste.

Rockforming Minerals 1. Quartz

Chemical Composition SiO2

Chemical Classification Silicate

Ca5(PO4)3 (OH,F,Cl) CaCO3

Phosphate

4. Gypsum

CaSO4

Sulfate

5. Flourite

CaF2

Halide

6. Corundum

Al2O3

Oxide

PbS

Sulfide

2. Apatite 3. Calcite

7. Galena

Carbonate

Description contains silicon and oxygen contains phosphorous contains the carbonate ions (CO3)2contains sulfur and oxygen anion (SO4-) contains halogen elements containsoxygen anion (O2-) containssulfur anion (S2-)

Use microchips fertilizer carbon paper

plaster

ceramics abrasive lead sheets

Source: SlideShare. Accessed athttps://bit.ly/2V6uWp3 Conserving Our Mineral Resources Minerals as non-renewable resources of the natural environment need to be protected since they are considered vital raw materials for many industries. As the population increases, the consumption demand for minerals is increasing worldwide. The mining of earth’s mineral resources is accelerating, and it has accompanying environmental consequences.

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5 Tips on How to Conserve Mineral Resources 1. Use of minerals in a sustainable manner. 2. Recycle metals. 3. Improvise the technology so that low-grade ores can be used profitably. 4. Use of new technological methods of mining to minimize wastage during mining. 5. Impose strict regulations to ensure that mineral resources are mine responsibly.

IV. ACTIVITIES

Activity 1

Competency 1 Date: September 13-17, 2021

HPS:5

Written Task Directions: Identify the correct answer that is being referred by the following questions below.Choose your answer from the box. Write your answer on your answer sheets. Water The Moon

The Sun Stable Rotation

Magnetic Field Atmosphere

1. Which among the choices gives regularity and frequency of day and night on this planet go far to prevent extreme temperatures and encourage life? 2. What factor in making our planet habitablemaintains the temperature and gases necessary for our survival and sustenance? 3.Which factor cause stabilizing effect on Planet Earth’s orbit and helps our climate steadier? 4. Which among the choices above have high heat capacity allows flow and transfer of substances from the cell to its environment and vice versa? 5.This stave off the cosmic rays and solar flares that goes to our planet.

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Activity 2

Competency 2 Date: September 13 – 17, 2021

HPS: 18

Performance Task Directions: Classify the termsas to what subsystems of the Earth they belong. Kindly follow theinstructionsshown inthe image. Write the answers in your answer sheets.

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Activity 3

Competency 3 Date: September 13 – 17, 2021 Title: Mineral Word Scramble

Written Task Directions: HPS: 20 A. Rearrange the letters to form the name of the mineral. Then, identify the mineral’s physical properties, chemical classification, and usage.

1.

Scrambled Words IFLOUETR

Rockforming Minerals

Physical Properties Hardness

Color

Chemical Classification

Use

2. G P M Y U S 3. Q T Z A U R 4. T A P E T A I 5. D C O R U M U N

B. Read and analyze the question below. Explain it in a 5-sentence paragraph. HPS: 10 “Why do we need to conserve the mineral resources?” ________________________________________________________. ________________________________________________________________. ________________________________________________________________. ________________________________________________________________. ________________________________________________________________.

V. EVALUATION: Date: September 13-17, 2021

HPS: 15

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer in your answer sheet. 1. Why are the Giant gas planets in the solar system important in the habitability of our planet? A. They keep the balance of the Solar system, keeping it from tilting to the side. B. Their intense gravity conveniently catches wayward asteroids and comets, preventing it from hitting Earth. 12

C. Their gas components help other planets like ours contain the needed heat for energy sustenance among living beings. D. They act as model planets that Earth mimics for it to survive drastic weather changes. 2. How does the moon contribute to the habitability of planet Earth? A. The presence of the moon gives the planet a partner in revolving around the Sun. B. The moon only gives a chance for the Sun to rest at nighttime, to regain its fuels that were used in the daytime. C. The moon contributes by giving off light when the planet rotates. D. The presence of the moon gives a stabilizing effect on our orbit, which creates a steadier climate for the planet. 3. How does the distance from Sun stabilize life on Earth? A. The right distance of the Sun from the planet allows living beings to thrive as it is not that close that can toast any planet near it and not that far that freezes our planet. B. The sun’s distance just gives the ample amount of heat for the planets outside the asteroid belt. C. The sun keeps Earth hot and ready for any asteroid that comes its way. D. The right distance of the planet from the sun allows the moon to also be livable. 4. Which among the choices isnot the purpose of Earth’s Atmosphere? A.The atmosphere protects the planet and the moon from solar flares. B.The atmosphere makes up all the gases on Earth. C.The atmosphere maintains the temperature and gases necessary for our survival and sustenance. D.The atmosphere is also a reservoir of large amounts of water. 5. Why is the distance of Earth from the major spiral arms of Milky Way an edge for our planet’s safety? A.Our planet is in a lot less danger of running afoul of some greater star's gravitational pull. B.Our planet is programmed to dodge asteroids that would come its way. C.Our planet would likely avoid either asteroid or gravitational pull of any star because it is a strong planet. D. Our planet is sync with other gaseous planets that is why we will always be safe from other star’s gravitational pull in the solar system. 6. Which...