EBOOK - Peraturan Perencanaan Teknik Jembatan Persyaratan Tahan Gempa PDF

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DEPARTEMEN PEKERJAAN UMUM DIREKTORAT JENDERAL BINA MARGA DIREKTORAT BINA PROGRAM JALAN PERATURAN PERENCANAAN TEKNIK JEMBATAN LAMPIRAN A PERSYARATAN TAHAN GEMPA BRIDGE DESIGN CODE APPENDIX A - DETAILED EARTHQUAKE DESIGN 26 May 1992 DOCUMENT No. BMS7-CA BRIDGE DESIGN CODE PERATURAN PERENCANAAN TEKNIK ...

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DEPARTEMEN PEKERJAAN UMUM DIREKTORAT JENDERAL BINA MARGA DIREKTORAT BINA PROGRAM JALAN

PERATURAN PERENCANAAN TEKNIK JEMBATAN LAMPIRAN A PERSYARATAN TAHAN GEMPA

BRIDGE DESIGN CODE APPENDIX A - DETAILED EARTHQUAKE DESIGN

26 May 1992

DOCUMENT No. BMS7-CA

BRIDGE DESIGN CODE PERATURAN PERENCANAAN TEKNIK JEMBATAN APPENDIX A - DETAILED EARTHQUAKE DESIGN LAMPIRAN A - PERSYARATAN TAHAN GEMPA SUMMARY OF CONTENTS IKHTISAR DAFTAR ISI TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................................................................................A - I DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................................................A - iii LIST OF TABLES DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................................................A - v LIST OF FIGURES DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................................................A - v A.1 INTRODUCTION PENDAHULUAN.........................................................................................................................A - 1 A.2 DESIGN PROCEDURE CARA PERENCANAAN ............................................................................................................A - 7 A.3 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS PERSYARATAN PERENCANAAN UMUM ...............................................................................A - 17 A.4 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE A BRIDGES PERSYARATAN TERPERINCI UNTUK JEMBATAN TIPE A ...................................................A - 26 A.5 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE B BRIDGES PERSYARATAN TERPERINCI UNTUK JEMBATAN TIPE B ...................................................A - 37 A.6 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE C BRIDGES PERSYARATAN TERPERINCI UNTUK JEMBATAN TIPE C ...................................................A - 39 A.7 SOIL LIQUEFACTION KEHILANGAN KEKUATAN TANAH - LIQUEFACTION ...........................................................A - 41 A.8 BASE ISOLATION AND MECHANICAL DAMPERS ISOLASI DASAR DAN PEREDAM MEKANIKAL .....................................................................A - 44 REFERENCES PUSTAKA ..................................................................................................................A - 48

26 May 1992

Table of Contets

TABLE OF CONTENTS A.1

INTRODUCTION A.1.1 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................... A - 1 A.1.2 APPLICATION ......................................................................................................................... A - 1 A.1.3 ORGANIZATION OF SECTION .............................................................................................. A - 2 A.1.4 GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................................. A - 3 A.1.5 SYMBOLS ............................................................................................................................... A - 3

A.2

DESIGN PROCEDURE A.2.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... A - 7 A.2.2 ASSUMPTIONS ...................................................................................................................... A - 7 A.2.3 PROCEDURE ......................................................................................................................... A - 8 A.2.4 DEPTH TO FIXITY .................................................................................................................. A - 9 A.2.5 MEMBER STRENGTH A.2.5.1 Nominal Strength ......................................................................................................... A - 9 A.2.5.2 Design Strength ........................................................................................................... A - 10 A.2.5.3 Overstrength A.2.6 STRUCTURE DUCTILITY ....................................................................................................... A - 11 A.2.7 VERTICAL SEISMIC MOTIONS ............................................................................................. A - 13 A.2.8 DIRECTION OF LOADING ...................................................................................................... A - 13 A.2.9 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS A.2.9.1 General ....................................................................................................................... A - 13 A.2.9.2 Methods of Analysis A.2.9.2.1 Elastic Behaviour ................................................................................................. A - 14 A.2.9.2.2 Moderate Inelastic Behaviour .............................................................................. A - 14 A.2.9.2.3 Inelastic Behaviour .............................................................................................. A - 14 A.2.9.3 Loading Directions ....................................................................................................... A -14 A.2.9.4 Input Ground Motions ................................................................................................... A -14 A.2.9.5 Design Forces and Deformations A.2.9.5.1 Modal Spectral Analysis ...................................................................................... A - 15 A.2.9.5.2 Time-History Analysis .......................................................................................... A - 15 A.2.10 SEISMIC DISPLACEMENTS A.2.10.1 General ....................................................................................................................... A - 15 A.2.10.2 Displacement Response .............................................................................................. A - 15

A.3

GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS A.3.1 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY AND PROVISION FOR DISPLACEMENTS A.3.1.1 Horizontal Linkages ...................................................................................................... A - 17 A.3.1.2 Holding-Down Devices ................................................................................................. A - 18 A.3.1.3 Horizontal Clearance .................................................................................................... A - 19 A.3.2 REPAIR CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................................. A - 20 A.3.3 FREE STANDING RETAINING WALLS A.3.3.1 General ........................................................................................................................ A - 20 A.3.3.2 Static Earth Pressure ................................................................................................... A - 20 A.3.3.3 Inertial Force ................................................................................................................ A - 20 A.3.3.4 Dynamic Earth Pressure A.3.3.4.1 Stiff Walls ............................................................................................................. A - 21 A.3.3.4.2 Flexible Walls ....................................................................................................... A - 21 A.3.3.5 Walls with Footings on Soil .......................................................................................... A - 22 A.3.3.6 Walls on Rock, Piles or Well Foundations .................................................................... A - 23 A.3.3.7 Reinforced Earth Walls ................................................................................................. A - 23 A.3.4 ABUTMENT WALLS A.3.4.1 Non-rigid Connection to Superstructure ....................................................................... A - 24 A.3.4.2 Rigid Connection to Superstructure .............................................................................. A - 25

A.4

DETAILED REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE A BRIDGES A.4.1 RESTRICTIONS ON LAYOUT ................................................................................................ A - 26 A.4.2 DESIGN OF HINGES IN STRUCTURAL CONCRETE COLUMNS A.4.2.1 General ........................................................................................................................ A - 26 A.4.2.2 Regions Where Special Confining Reinforcement Should be Provided ....................... A - 27 A.4.2.3 Amount of Confining Reinforcement to be Provided ..................................................... A - 27

A-i

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Table of Contets

A.4.2.4 Reinforcing Steel .......................................................................................................... A - 29 A.4.2.5 Concrete Strength ........................................................................................................ A - 29 A.4.2.6 Inner Bound Core ......................................................................................................... A - 30 A.4.2.7 Shear ............................................................................................................................ A - 30 A.4.3 DESIGN OF HINGES IN STRUCTURAL STEEL MEMBERS A.4.3.1 General ........................................................................................................................ A - 30 A.4.3.2 Lateral Restraint ........................................................................................................... A - 30 A.4.3.3 Shear capacity of Hinge Regions ................................................................................. A - 30 A.4.3.4 Connection of Hinging Member .................................................................................... A - 31 A.4.3.5 Moment Capacity of Hinging Sections .......................................................................... A - 31 A.4.3.6 Materials ....................................................................................................................... A - 32 A.4.4 DESIGN OF STRUCTURE BETWEEN PLASTIC HINGES A.4.4.1 General ........................................................................................................................ A - 32 A.4.4.2 Strength Reduction Factor ........................................................................................... A - 33 A.4.4.3 Shear ............................................................................................................................ A - 33 A.4.4.4 Connection of Hinges ................................................................................................... A - 34 A.4.4.5 Buckling of Columns ..................................................................................................... A - 34 A.4.4.6 Instability Effects .......................................................................................................... A - 34 A.4.4.7 Joints ............................................................................................................................ A - 35 A.4.4.8 Special Provisions for Structural Concrete A.4.4.8.1 Shear ................................................................................................................... A - 35 A.4.4.8.2 Splices in longitudinal Reinforcing ....................................................................... A - 35 A.4.4.9 Special Provisions for Structural Steel A.4.4.9.1 Column Splices .................................................................................................... A - 36 A.4.4.9.2 Connections ......................................................................................................... A - 36 A.4.5 DESIGN OF ARTICULATIONS ............................................................................................... A - 36 A.5

DETAILED REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE B BRIDGES A.5.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... A - 37 A.5.2 DESIGN OF ARTICULATIONS A.5.2.1 General ........................................................................................................................ A - 37 A.5.2.2 Design of Linkages at Abutments ................................................................................. A - 37 A.5.2.3 Design of Linkages at Expansion Joints ....................................................................... A - 37

A.6

DETAILED REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE C BRIDGES A.6.1 RESTRICTIONS ON LAYOUT ................................................................................................ A - 39 A.6.2 STRUCTURAL TYPE FACTOR .............................................................................................. A - 39 A.6.3 FOUNDATIONS ...................................................................................................................... A - 40 A.6.4 INTEGRITY OF CONNECTIONS ............................................................................................ A - 40

A.7

SOIL LIQUEFACTION A.7.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... A - 41 A.7.2 LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL A.7.2.1 Simplified Method Based on Chinese Building Code Data ........................................... A - 41 A.7.2.2 Method Based on Cyclic Stress Ratio Analysis ............................................................ A - 43

A.8

BASE ISOLATION AND MECHANICAL DAMPERS A.8.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... A - 44 A.8.2 BASE ISOLATION ................................................................................................................... A - 44 A.8.3 MECHANICAL DAMPERS ...................................................................................................... A - 45 A.8.4 APPLICATION TO BRIDGES .................................................................................................. A - 45 A.8.5 MINIMUM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR BRIDGES INCORPORATING MECHANICAL ENERGY DISSIPATORS ........................................................................................................ A - 46

REFERENCES GENERAL SOURCE DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................................ A - 48 SELECTED REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... A - 48

A - ii

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Table of Contets

DAFTAR ISI

A.1

PENDAHULUAN A.1.1 RUANG LINGKUP ...................................................................................................................A - 1 A.1.2 PENGGUNAAN .......................................................................................................................A - 1 A.1.3 SUSUNAN BAGIAN PENJELASAN .........................................................................................A - 2 A.1.4 ISTILAH ...................................................................................................................................A - 3 A.1.5 NOTASI ....................................................................................................................................A - 3

A.2

CARA PERENCANAAN A.2.1 UMUM ......................................................................................................................................A - 7 A.2.2 ANGGAPAN-ANGGAPAN .......................................................................................................A - 7 A.2.3 TAHAPAN ................................................................................................................................A - 8 A.2.4 KEDALAMAN JEPIT ................................................................................................................A - 9 A.2.5 KEKUATAN KOMPONEN A.2.5.1 Kekuatan Nominal ...........................................................................................................A - 9 A.2.5.2 Kekuatan Rencana ..........................................................................................................A - 10 A.2.5.3 Kekuatan Lebih ...............................................................................................................A - 11 A.2.6 DAKTILITAS STRUKTUR ........................................................................................................A - 11 A.2.7 GERAKAN SEISMIK VERTIKAL .............................................................................................A - 13 A.2.8 ARAH PEMBEBANAN .............................................................................................................A - 13 A.2.9 ANALISA DINAMIK A.2.9.1 Umum .................................................................................................................................A -13 A.2.9.2 Cara Analisa A.2.9.2.1 Perilaku Elastis .......................................................................................................A-14 A.2.9.2.2 Perilaku Moderat Tidak Elastis ...............................................................................A-14 A.2.9.2.3 Perilaku Tidak Elastis .............................................................................................A-14 A.2.9.3 Arah Pembebanan .............................................................................................................A-14 A.2.9.4 Masukan Gerakan Tanah ...................................................................................................A-14 A.2.9.5 Gaya Dan Deformasi Rencana A.2.9.5.1 Analisa Modal Spektral ...........................................................................................A-15 A.2.9.5.2 Analisa Riwayat Waktu (Time-history) ....................................................................A-15 A.2.10 SIMPANGAN SEISMIK A.2.10.1 Umum ...............................................................................................................................A-15 A.2.10.2 Simpangan Respons ........................................................................................................A-15

A.3

PERSYARATAN PERENCANAAN UMUM A.3.1 INTEGRITAS STRUKTURAL DAN PERLENGKAPAN TERHADAP SIMPANGAN A.3.1.1 Hubungan Horisontal .......................................................................................................A - 17 A.3.1.2 Perlengkapan Penahan Vertikal ......................................................................................A - 18 A.3.1.3 Jarak Bebas Horisontal ...................................................................................................A - 19 A.3.2 PERTIMBANGAN PERBAIKAN ....................................................................................A - 20 A.3.3 TEMBOK PENAHAN YANG BERDIRI BEBAS A.3.3.1 Umum ..............................................................................................................................A - 20 A.3.3.2 Tekanan Tanah Statik .....................................................................................................A - 20 A.3.3.3 Gaya Inersia ....................................................................................................................A - 20 A.3.3.4 Tekanan Tanah Dinamik A.3.3.4.1 Tembok Kaku ..........................................................................................................A - 21 A.3.3.4.2 Tembok Fleksibel ....................................................................................................A - 21 A.3.3.5 Tembok dengan Pondasi Diatas Tanah ..........................................................................A - 22 A.3.3.6 Tembok pada Pondasi Batuan, Tang atau Sumuran .......................................................A - 23 A.3.3.7 Tembok Tanah Bertulang .........................................................................