ECE-130-Historical Theories Template PDF

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Historical Theories and Reflection Template Major Child Development Theories Bowlby’s Attachment Theory

Erikson's Psychosocial Developmental Theory can lead t

Time Period 1940s1950s

Between 19501960s

Description of Theory

Influence on Early Childhood Education

Bowlby’s theory of attachment and John Bowlby’s theory of attachment includes research on mental, behavioral, social/emotional separation/deprivation of physical and emotional connection is hugely incorporated primarily in infant health and development. He believes that and toddler programs. Caregivers and educators are children are born with an innate sense of trained with the notion that children’s trust and sense attachment and that it should be continually of security and the need to build relationships wit nurtured from the moment of infancy. More others must start and be continued from infancy. importantly, if possible, this process should immediately begin from birth and primarily with This is done by responding to crying infant by picking them up, talking to them, signing, coddling, the biological mother (ideally). This is when humans truly first discover and partake in human hugging and providing different methods of connection and form trust, relationships and their nurturing affection. This helps prevent social, emotional and behavioral development. Bowlby emotional and behavioral negative impacts and damage that could potentially manifest in later years claims “that the attachment to the mother is unique in that it is the first to appear and remains of life and connects to their overall development. the strongest of all.” (McLeod, 2017) Erik Erikson key concepts of human As Erickson’s view on childhood development puts development relies on 8 stages of life; Infancy great focus on their physiological needs, this (borth-18 months), Toddlers (18 months to 3 prompts early educators to integrate learning and years), and Preschool (3 to 5 years), School age activities that promotes young children’s sense of (6 to 12 years), Adolescent (12 to 18 years), identity, self-aware, social awareness and a sense of Young Adult (18-35 years), Middle Adult (35 to morality. His theory has impacted early childhood © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

1936 Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory

MONTESSORI METHOD

Early 1900s (1910 first Montessor i schools)

65 years) and Late Adult (65 to death) (David, 2014). His theory focuses on the psychosocial development. It includes how social, environmental and other external sources help play a role in a child’s development. Stimuli from each of these different types of sources influence a child’s physiological development. It contributes to their sense of identity, social awareness, and a sense of morality. Jean Piagets theory of child development focuses on how children learn based on 4 stages development: (1) sensorimotor; (2) preoperational; (3) concrete operational; and (4) formal operational. (Huff, 2016). Theses stages along with Piaget’s overall concept is that children development thrives on cognitive stimulation by their peers, adults and environment. Each stage marks a time in a young child’s life when login, reasoning, thought process and rationality all play a huge role in their overall developmental journey. As they get older, there’s areas of cognitive development become more advance and complex. Maria Montessori’s child development theory includes the notion that human development is divided into four stages. The stages are “Infancy (birth-6 years), Childhood (6-12 years), Adolescence (12-18 years) and Transition to adulthood (18-24 years). (David, 2016). Montessori also believed that children should educate themselves which enables their ability to acquire age appropriate traits for later in life.

education by emphasizing on the importance of selfdiscovery and how young children see themselves in their own environment. This enables educators to arrange theirs programs and curriculum to encourage an understanding of the difference between yourself and others and how you play a role in society. This hugely incorporated in dramatic and role playing. Paigets theories assisted in transforming how we as educators thought about child development. He helped conclude that children think, rationalize and focuses on things very differently then adults do. This has been incorporated into early childhood programs and flexible curriculum planning. Programs and curriculums are based on children as a social group but as individual as well, both are centered through active discovery learning. These concepts guide educators to methods that are age appropriate, teaching children based on how they can process new information (collaboratively and as individuals). Montessori’s theories have widely impacted early childhood education. Many schools incorporate multiage groups to enhance their learning abilities. Classrooms that follow her methods typically included environments that incorporate with organized and readily avaible learning tools and materials at the child’s will and freedom without limitations. Curriculums are designed around the child’s interests to cater to what they want to experience. Early educators use categorized and

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Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory

1920s1930s

Lev Vygotsky’s theory of human development consists of stressing the importance of sociocultural learning and how it contributes to cognitive devilment. He claims that’s social interactions play a significant role of how they think and process newly discovered information. Vygotsky also concluded that “cognitive development results from an internalization of language” (McLeod, 2017). Since language is the method of communication between one person and another, Vygotsky claims this heavily affects our social and cognitive development.

systematic methods to design their classrooms to provide their students a sense of consistency with learning martials and environments to promotes early academic learning, awareness and stimuli. Vygotsky’s concept of the connection between language and social interactions are widely promoted in early childhood education programs. Educators use various methods to enhance their language (receptive and expressive) and to model for young children how to properly express and receive information among their peers in the classroom. Educators apply Vygotsky’s theory through actives that promote language, and dialogue between peers and enhancing their social skills.

Reflection/Resources: After carefully reviewing and reflecting from each theorists’ concepts of human development, I plan to appl and incorporate several of their philosophies in my future teaching practices. Firstly, since my experience and passion primarily focus on infants and toddlers (birth to 2 years), I have been and will continue to incorporate Bowlby’s attachment theory. Also, being a mother of three children who breastfed and stayed at home with my infants for the first few months of life, I can understand and relate to this theory as well personally and professionally as well. Examples of this theory being put into practice include responding and providing comfort to infants and toddlers during anytime they appear in social or emotional distress which may included lifting them up, coddling, swaddling, skin to skin contact, hugging, signing, talking, providing oral fixation and stimulation needs with age appropriate chewing toys, checking to see if they possibly need a diaper change or maybe hungry or if they are experiencing any physical discomfort. I am also a firm believer and advocate for sensory play and exploration. I agree with Piagets findings that the earliest form of education begins from birth and it’s a doorway for later academics. So, I would also incorporate techniques supported by one of Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development; Sensorimotor (birth to age 2). A classroom designed for infants and toddlers would have materials that would be also avaible to them and would provided sensory stimulation which can included music for auditory stimuli, toys and materials of different sizes, colors, shapes and textures to stimulate sense of touch and sight, mirrors and puppets to incorporate dramatic play for emotional stimuli, scented sensory cups that would stimulate their sense of smell. References © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

McLeod, S. A. (2017, Jan 14) Developmental psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html Huff, N. (2016). Child development. In C. L. Shehan (Ed.), Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedias in social science: The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of family studies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login? url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/wileyfamily/child_development/0?institutionId=5865 David L, "Montessori Method (Montessori)," in Learning Theories, February 1, 2016, https://www.learning-theories.com/montessori-methodmontessori.html.

David L, "Erikson’s Stages of Development," in Learning Theories, July 23, 2014, https://www.learning-theories.com/eriksons-stages-ofdevelopment.html. McLeod, S. A. (2017, Feb 05). Bowlby's attachment theory. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/bowlby.htm

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