Educational Psychology Exam 1 Outline PDF

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Educational Psychology Chapter 1 to 3 Study notes, and assignment outlines...

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Educational Psychology Exam 1 Outline  Needs vs. Drives: need- biological or social deficiency - drive-psychological state that motivates satisfaction of need  ex) water-thirst 

Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory: most fundamental needs must be met first - Stages of Hierarchy of Needs

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incentive theories: external objects, reinforcements or goals are the primary motivations for behavior - " I do this because I want____"  rewarding

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extrinsic motivation: motivation that involves external incentives such as rewards or goals, separate from the task -

intrinsic motivation: motivation related to an internal goal, or self satisfaction, arising from task

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procrastination: voluntary delay of an important task we intend to do, with the knowledge we will suffer as a result

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5 possible explanations for procrastination: - 1) laziness - 2)decreased self control - 3)protecting reputation/ social esteem - 4)mood improvement/ stress management

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biopsychosocial model: a model of health that integrates the effects of biological, behavioral, and social factors on health and illness -

Stress and the immune system: exposure to stress decreases immune response, and limits the activity of white blood cells

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Bodies response to stress: sympathetic activation + hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis activation - cortisol increases -> blood glucose increases - long term -> cognitive deficits

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Coping: attempts to avoid, minimize or escape stress - emotion-focused coping: trying to minimize or escape the feeling of stress  ex) napping

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problem-focused coping: directly address the stressor

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ex) studying for the test

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Neuron: unit of a nervous system, receives and transmit, integrate information

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Myelin: insulation along the axon, facilitates fast signal transmission. made up of fat -

Synapse: Gap between neurons

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action potential: electrical signal that moves down the neuron and results in the release of a neurotrasnmitter

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Serotonin: mood regulation, sleep, well being - LSD

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Dopamine: pleasure, reward, motor control, addiction - cocaine

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Acetylcholine: skeletal muscle activation, neurotransmitter junction, parasympathetic activation - nicotine

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Endorphins: analgesia, euphoria - heroin

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Endocannabinoids: appetite regulation, anxiety and aggression regulation, placeboinduced analgesia, euphoria - THC

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Cerebellum: lowest level - motor coordination, balance, movement integration - means little brain

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Reticular Formation: lowest level - consciousness, sleep regulation

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Thalamus: limbic system - integration and routing of sensory information; sends sensory info to proper cortex.

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Hypothalamus: limbic system - fighting, feeding, fleeing, reproductive behavior

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Hippocampus: limbic system - memory information

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Amygdala: limbic system - Fear, aggression and emotional processing

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basal ganglia: subcortical region - cluster of structures responsible for effortful, planned and controlled movement

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corpus callosum: subcortical region - massive tract of fibers that connects left and right hemisphere

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frontal lobe: cerebral cortex - motor planning, high order cognition, home to primary motor cortex, and prefrontal cortex

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parietal lobe: cerebral cortex - touch, body sense; home to somatosensory cortex

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occipital lobe: cerebral cortex - vision

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temporal lobe: cerebral cortex - auditory processing, memory, face recognition - grey matter: unmyelinated, processing - white matter: myelinated, transmitting

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Stages of sleep: - 1. Lightest Sleep - 2. Slightly Deeper Sleep - 3,4 Deeper Sleep- restful, restorative - 5. REM- rapid eye movement, vivid dreams, inhibition of music skeletal movement,

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REM: rapid eye movement, similar Brian activity to wakefulness - sleep change over night: REM sleep becomes longer, and slow wave sleep (3,4)becomes shorter - Dreaming: brains attempt to make sense of experience (memory, problem solving, emotional processing)

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acute sleep deprivation: occasional all-nighter 24-72 hours without sleep - decrease in: longterm memory, reasoning, decision making, response, inhibition, problem solving, self evaluation

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chronic sleep deprivation: reduced sleep over an extended period, weeks or months of 4-5 hours per night

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increase: sympathetic activation, distractibility decrease: attention, response time, immune function somatic nervous system: sensory and motor signals autonomic nervous system: regulation of glands and internal organs...